Most recently, Munk — a longtime researcher at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography — headed the Acoustic Thermometry of
Ocean Climate Project that aims to measure ocean temperature with sound pulses.
Not exact matches
This area of the
ocean is
projected to be the most severely impacted by aspects of
climate change.
Models used to
project conditions on an Earth warmed by
climate change especially need to consider how the
ocean will move excess heat around, Legg said.
And Sawe has started working with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute to explore some of their Pacific
Ocean data for another data sonification
project down the road that could add another song to the soundtrack of
climate change.
To model the
projected impact of
climate change on marine biodiversity, the researchers used
climate - velocity trajectories, a measurement which combines the rate and direction of movement of
ocean temperature bands over time, together with information about thermal tolerance and habitat preference.
By next year, the Argo
project will have installed 3,000 floating sensors across all the
oceans, offering a daily snapshot of global patterns of water temperature and salinity — crucial for predicting the nature and pace of
climate change.
Their findings, based on output from four global
climate models of varying
ocean and atmospheric resolution, indicate that
ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is
projected to warm twice as fast as previously
projected and almost three times faster than the global average.
The global
climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which are used to project global and regional climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dy
climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), which are used to project global and regional climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dy
Climate Change (IPCC), which are used to
project global and regional
climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dy
climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate
ocean and atmospheric dynamics.
«When we included
projected Antarctic wind shifts in a detailed global
ocean model, we found water up to 4 °C warmer than current temperatures rose up to meet the base of the Antarctic ice shelves,» said lead author Dr Paul Spence from the ARC Centre of Excellence for
Climate System Science (ARCCSS).
Another principal investigator for the
project, Laura Pan, senior scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., believes storm clusters over this area of the Pacific are likely to influence
climate in new ways, especially as the warm
ocean temperatures (which feed the storms and chimney) continue to heat up and atmospheric patterns continue to evolve.
The
project, called Estimating the Circulation and
Climate of the
Ocean (ECCO), uses observational data — including ocean surface topography, surface wind stress, temperature, salinity profiles and velocity data — collected between June 2005 and December
Ocean (ECCO), uses observational data — including
ocean surface topography, surface wind stress, temperature, salinity profiles and velocity data — collected between June 2005 and December
ocean surface topography, surface wind stress, temperature, salinity profiles and velocity data — collected between June 2005 and December 2007.
The scenarios
projected by
climate modellers vary greatly, and it remains unclear when we can expect to see the Arctic
Ocean free of ice in the summer.
Many of the
projected effects of
climate change on the world's
oceans are already visible, such as melting polar ice caps and rising sea levels.
Moving the chemical complexity of the
ocean to the laboratory represented a major advance that will enable many new studies to be performed,» said Kimberly Prather, Distinguished Chair in Atmospheric Chemistry at the University of California, San Diego and director of the Center for Aerosol Impacts on
Climate and the Environment, who led the team of more than 30 scientists involved in this
project.
«The model we developed and applied couples biospheric feedbacks from
oceans, atmosphere, and land with human activities, such as fossil fuel emissions, agriculture, and land use, which eliminates important sources of uncertainty from
projected climate outcomes,» said Thornton, leader of the Terrestrial Systems Modeling group in ORNL's Environmental Sciences Division and deputy director of ORNL's Climate Change Science Ins
climate outcomes,» said Thornton, leader of the Terrestrial Systems Modeling group in ORNL's Environmental Sciences Division and deputy director of ORNL's
Climate Change Science Ins
Climate Change Science Institute.
«Such a slowdown is consistent with the
projected effects of anthropogenic
climate change, where warming and freshening of the surface
ocean from melting ice caps leads to weaker overturning circulation,» DeVries explained.
The methane hydrates with the highest
climate susceptibility are in upper continental margin slopes, like those that ring the Arctic
Ocean, representing about 3.5 percent of the global methane hydrate inventory, says Carolyn Ruppel, a scientist who leads the Gas Hydrates
Project at the USGS.
Titanic international
projects that are just kicking off, including the National Science Foundation - funded
Ocean Observatories Initiative and Southern
Ocean Carbon and
Climate Observations and Modeling
project, promise to pile on reams of new data and knowledge in the coming years — not all of it expected to be postcard pretty.
However, Khazendar and Scheuchl said, researchers need more information on the shape of the bedrock and seafloor beneath the ice, as well as more data on
ocean circulation and temperatures, to be able to better
project how much ice these glaciers will contribute to the
ocean in a changing
climate.
The new joint Chair of
Oceans and
Climate Change being launched by the UiB and the University of the South Pacific as a follow - up of the United Nations
Ocean Conference 2017 also takes part in the
project.
The researchers also compared phytoplankton's response not only to
ocean acidification, but also to other
projected drivers of
climate change, such as warming temperatures and lower nutrient supplies.
The role of
ocean heat transport in the global
climate response to
projected Arctic sea ice loss.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory», of the origin of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,» of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini
Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene mapping gene pool gene therapy gene transfer General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state
Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (H
Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and
Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law of diffusion Graham's number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge,
Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (
ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (H
ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (HH215)
GEOENGINEERING THE
OCEAN: SERIAL
CLIMATE HACKING Climate hacker Russ George with indigenous Haida villagers dumps iron into the sea — in a secret geoengineering project off Canada's west
CLIMATE HACKING
Climate hacker Russ George with indigenous Haida villagers dumps iron into the sea — in a secret geoengineering project off Canada's west
Climate hacker Russ George with indigenous Haida villagers dumps iron into the sea — in a secret geoengineering
project off Canada's west coast.
In particular, the
project offers free, interactive digital learning tools relating to
climate change and
ocean acidification.
Future
ocean projections for the year 2100 were compiled from all available data generated by Earth Systems Models as part of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison
Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (Taylor et al., 2012) as in Mora et al. (2013).
NOAA also operates the network of data buoys and satellites that provide vital information about the
ocean waters, and initiates research
projects to improve future
climate forecasts.
In addition to the partnership of 14 institutions, BIOACID closely cooperates with other national and international research
projects such as the UK
Ocean Acidification Research Programme (UKOA) and the European
project Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing
Climate (MedSeA), stakeholders such as the International
Ocean Acidification Reference User Group (IOA - RUG) and the newly founded
Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA - ICC).
The researchers use computer models to forecast future
ocean conditions such as surface temperatures, salinity, and currents, and
project how the distribution of different fish species could respond to
climate change.
While Pollard's research focuses on understanding the microbiome through bioinformatics and modeling, other
projects study human disorders such as diabetes and asthma, the impact of the
ocean and soil on
climate change, and the influence of plants, animals, and water on food production.
I am also interested in how long is required for the surface temp to «achieve» 95 % of the ECS change: e.g. if
climate sensitivity is 2K, how much time is required for the surface temp to increase by 1.9 K; and then how much longer for the deep
oceans to increase by 1.9 K (or whatever 95 % of the
projected increase in deep
ocean temperature works out to.)
Projected impacts of global warming and
ocean acidification motivated this action, but as marine biologist Ayana Elizabeth Johnson eloquently writes in a New York Times op - ed: «
climate change really is only half the story.»
The Southern
Ocean Carbon and
Climate Observations and Modeling
project, which involves
Climate Central staff and aims to track changes underway surrounding Antarctica, has developed improved pH sensors that could operate for five years or more on autonomous diving instruments.
The
project has been coordinated by Prof. Ulf Riebesell, marine biologist at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for
Ocean Research Kiel, and Prof. Hans - Otto Pörtner, marine ecophysiologist at Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research and Co-Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group II.
The visualization covers the period June 2005 to December 2007 and is based on a synthesis of a numerical model with observational data, created by a NASA
project called Estimating the Circulation and
Climate of the
Ocean, or ECCO for short.
This
project aims to assist museum educators in building capacity for developing educational programs and activities for public audiences and formal educators on the topics of
climate change and
ocean acidification.
MUSA is an innovative
project designed to counteract the effects of
climate change on our
oceans and reef systems.
Climate models
project a continued intensification in the Southern
Ocean winds throughout the 21st century if atmospheric CO2 continues to increase (28).
When
ocean patterns had some scientists in 2008
projecting a protected pause in warming, I wrote a relevant piece entitled «Can
Climate Campaigns Withstand a Cooling Test?»
Furthermore,
ocean acidification is happening even more quickly in the Arctic, as shown in Stenacher et al. (2009, April), «Imminent
ocean acidification in the Arctic
projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle -
climate model,» http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/515/2009/bg-6-515-2009.pdf (open access):
Since the heat storage capacity of the
ocean is > 1000 times that of the atmosphere, having a solid handle on all these is crucial to accurately
projecting even average mean
climate across multi-decadal time.
This means that the heat content was «reset» to this earlier value, whereas the multi-decadal global
climate model
projects a more - or-less monotonic increase in
ocean heat content.
Since the
projected surface forcing changes come from a
climate model (s) the underlying assumption is that the important ice -
ocean feedbacks are captured in the superimposed forcing changes, so it really isn't an independent test and not meant to be a substitute for a coupled model.
In the 1980s George Denton and I were charged with reconstructing past ice sheets for CLIMAP (
Climate: Long - range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction, a
project of the 1970 - 1980 International Decade of
Ocean Exploration).
These efforts are part of 100 - 1000 partnership, with the goal of building 100 new miles of oyster reefs and 1000 miles of replanted marshlands along the Gulf in Alabama to make Alabama's coastal areas more resilient to impacts from hurricanes, oil spills and
climate change.100 - 1000 is a
project that was formed in 2010 and grew out of the partnership of four conservation organizations including: Alabama Coastal Foundation, Mobile Baykeeper, the Nature Conservancy and the
Ocean Foundation.
The
project is part of the Australian Antarctic Division's Ice,
Ocean, Atmosphere and
Climate programme and the Sea Level Rise programme within the Antarctic
Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre.
Areas of suitable
climate for this thrush are
projected to decline by about 30 percent in Canada and Alaska, as available land area is simply pushed right to the shores of the Arctic
Ocean.
The DKRZ long - term archive WDCC (World Data Center for
Climate) has assigned its 1000th DataCite DOI to the experiment OceanRAIN - M of the
project «
Ocean Rainfall And Ice - phase precipitation measurement Network».
The overarching goal of this WCRP research effort, led by WCRP's Core
Project «
Climate and
Ocean Variability, Predictability and Change» (CLIVAR) as a Research Focus, is to establish a quantitative understanding of the natural and anthropogenic mechanisms of regional to local sea level variability; to promote advances in observing systems required for an integrated sea level monitoring; and to foster the development of sea level predictions and projections that are of increasing benefit for coastal zone management.
According to de Boer, the fund is intended to finance
climate change
projects including sea walls to guard against expanding
oceans, early warning systems for extreme events, improved water supplies for drought areas, training in new agricultural techniques and the conservation and restoration of mangroves to protect people from storms.