Not exact matches
And across all scales, from very small controlled studies of marine plots to those of entire
ocean basins, maintaining biodiversity — the number of extant species across all forms of marine life — appeared key to preserving fisheries, water filtering and other so - called
ecosystem services, though the correlation is not entirely clear.
Gaining traction are projects to quantify the value of «
services» provided to us by
oceans, forests and other
ecosystems, determine the economic hit to a nation once they run out, and then paying would - be consumers to conserve those assets.
«Humans rely heavily on a diversity of
services that are provided by
ocean ecosystems, including the food we eat and industries that arise from that,» says project leader Professor Ivan Nagelkerken, from the University's Environment Institute.
MORE TO EXPLORE Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on
Ocean Ecosystem Services.
People who rely on the
ocean's
ecosystem services — often in developing countries — are especially vulnerable.
Worm, B. et al (2006) Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on
Ocean Ecosystem Services.
Climate mitigation by the deep
ocean may ultimately compromise many of the
ecosystem services we value.
There is concern that elevated sea temperatures and
ocean acidification may influence the resilience of coral reefs, inherently affecting their vital role of providing the structure which maintains
ecosystem services around the world.
A variety of studies and analyses suggest that
ocean acidification and warming affect important
services the
ocean provides to
ecosystems and humankind.
Humans have a greater understanding of the surface of the moon than they do of the depths of the
oceans, hinting at untouched natural resources and unrecognized
ecosystem services.
BIOACID III bridges between different branches of
ocean acidification research and provide an assessment of short - to long - term responses and their underlying mechanisms at the level of organisms, populations, communities and
ecosystems to multiple drivers leading up to
ecosystem services.
Eleven percent of the Earth's land habitats are now set aside as national parks to conserve their biodiversity and
ecosystem services; in contrast, less than 0.1 % of the world's
oceans are fully protected, the researchers point out.
Experiments and analyses carried out by more than 250 scientists from 20 German institutions clearly indicate that
ocean acidification and warming, along with other environmental stressors, impair life in the
ocean and compromise important
ecosystem services it provides to humankind.
Ocean acidification affects ecosystems and important services the ocean provides to human
Ocean acidification affects
ecosystems and important
services the
ocean provides to human
ocean provides to humankind.
Worm, B. et al (2006) Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on
Ocean Ecosystem Services.
This in turn will impact those
ecosystem functions that humans rely upon to obtain goods and
services from the
ocean.»
Forests, grasslands, lakes,
oceans, deserts, and other natural
ecosystems provide a range of natural
services that people have often taken for granted, even though they are vital to human welfare.
These should be developed to take account of the synergies and trade - offs in and between areas such as food, water and energy security, maintenance of biodiversity and
ecosystem services, sustainable urbanisation, social inclusion and livelihoods, protection of seas and
oceans, and sustainable consumption and production.
* Recognition of the monetary and non-monetary values of public goods such as
ecosystem services, education, health and global common resources such as the
oceans and the atmosphere.
Recalling the concern reflected in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled «The future we want», 1 that the health of
oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen - based compounds, from numerous marine and land - based sources, and the commitment to take action to significantly reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine
ecosystems, Noting the international action being taken to promote the sound management of chemicals throughout their life cycle and waste in ways that lead to the prevention and minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, Recalling the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities adopted by the Third Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land - based Activities, which highlighted the relevance of the Honolulu Strategy and the Honolulu Commitment and recommended the establishment of a global partnership on marine litter, Taking note of the decisions adopted by the eleventh Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity on addressing the impacts of marine debris on marine and coastal biodiversity, Recalling that the General Assembly declared 2014 the International Year of Small Island Developing States and that such States have identified waste management among their priorities for action, Noting with concern the serious impact which marine litter, including plastics stemming from land and sea - based sources, can have on the marine environment, marine
ecosystem services, marine natural resources, fisheries, tourism and the economy, as well as the potential risks to human health; 1.
But other elements could potentially also contribute to a collapse: an accelerating extinction of animal and plant populations and species, which could lead to a loss of
ecosystem services essential for human survival; land degradation and land - use change; a pole - to - pole spread of toxic compounds;
ocean acidification and eutrophication (dead zones); worsening of some aspects of the epidemiological environment (factors that make human populations susceptible to infectious diseases); depletion of increasingly scarce resources [6,7], including especially groundwater, which is being overexploited in many key agricultural areas [8]; and resource wars [9].
Broader economic approaches, however, can attach monetary values to non-market impacts, referred to as externalities, placing an economic value on
ecosystem services like breathable air, carbon capture and storage (in forests and
oceans) and usable water.
This report offers suggestions for
ocean conservation that should be considered in protecting
ecosystem services: how our
oceans function and what they offer us.
The
ocean is a food source to many and provides
ecosystem services for the planet.
The document is based on a scientific paper recently published in Science (Gattuso et al., 2015), which synthesizes recent and future changes to the
ocean and its
ecosystems, as well as to the goods and
services they provide to humans.
***
Ecosystem services:
Ocean Acidification Could Cost the World its Coral... and a Trillion Dollars.