Sentences with phrase «ocean boundary conditions»

Ocean boundary conditions for Jakobshavn Glacier: Part II.

Schmidt, G.A., C.M. Bitz, U. Mikolajewicz, and L.B. Tremblay, 2004: Ice - ocean boundary conditions for coupled models.

Not exact matches

But for a forecast model to work, he says, «We have to resolve the boundary conditions ---- data on tides and winds — very far away, out into the open ocean.

They initialized SELFE by entering data on normal tidal conditions along the model's open - ocean boundary, which is drawn almost 1,500 miles offshore.

Jenkins, A., H.H. Hellmer, and D.M. Holland, The role of meltwater advection in the formulation of conservative boundary conditions at an ice - ocean interface, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31 (1), 285 - 296, 2001.

Opsteegh, J.D., R.J. Haarsma, F.M. Selten, and A. Kattenberg, 1998: ECBILT: A dynamic alternative to mixed boundary conditions in ocean models.

«Simply put, the shape of the ice sheet and the contact with the ocean makes it likely that these areas respond more pronouncedly to changes in climate boundary conditions — be they atmospheric, oceanic or glaciological.»

So for the policy - relevant issues, we generally focus on the physical atmosphere - ocean system, sometimes with coupled carbon - vegetation system, and treat the major ice sheets, orbital parameters and planetary topography as fixed boundary conditions.

The oceans, which provide part of the boundary conditions for the atmosphere, also have sufficient time to change appreciably, and the change in the oceanic state must be taken into account.

What you guys will not come clean about however, is that these initial conditions of the ocean / atmosphere also impart a large range of uncertainty on multi-decadal predictions, even though you are invoking changes in boundary values to gain skill.

Ensemble simulations conducted with EMICs (Renssen et al., 2002; Bauer et al., 2004) and coupled ocean - atmosphere GCMs (Alley and Agustsdottir, 2005; LeGrande et al., 2006) with different boundary conditions and freshwater forcings show that climate models are capable of simulating the broad features of the observed 8.2 ka event (including shifts in the ITCZ).

For the scenario representative of the years 2011 — 2013, the boundary conditions include anthropogenic sources of SO2 generated from Asia that are transported across the Pacific Ocean, emissions from ships in shipping lanes, along with sources from other states surrounding the SoCAB.

«Using a GCM, can we regenerate the land temperature record from the ocean record using observed SSTs and sea ice distribution as a boundary condition?

Type 4 dynamic downscaling takes lateral boundary conditions from an Earth system model in which coupled interactions among the atmosphere, ocean, biosphere, and cryosphere are predicted [e.g., Solomon et al., 2007].

This means that if the regional model significantly alters the atmospheric and / or ocean circulations, there is no way for this information to affect larger scale circulation features that are being fed into the regional model through the lateral boundary conditions and nudging.

According to Minzoni, proxies like foraminifera that signify melting by Circumpolar Deep Water can provide boundary conditions for use in ice - ocean - atmospheric predictive models.

It is not clear whether the bias is caused by an imperfect sea ice - ocean model or by imperfect initial or boundary conditions.

Including open - water phytoplankton biomarkers as well as micropaleontological data, we demonstrate (1) that a permanent sea ice cover existed during MIS 6 and (2) that during the LIG sea ice was still present in the central Arctic Ocean during the spring / summer season even under (global) boundary conditions significantly warmer than the present.

The planetary - boundaries group, which published a sort of manifesto in 2009, argues for increased restraint and, where necessary, direct intervention aimed at bringing all sorts of things in the Earth system, from the alkalinity of the oceans to the rate of phosphate run - off from the land, close to the conditions pertaining in the Holocene.

The closure of the CAS changed the boundary conditions of the oceans and created a new state of the oceanic and atmospheric system.

Specifically, the two models were forced with chlorofluorocarbons (CFC - 11) boundary conditions at the surface of the ocean with realistic and idealized time evolution in order to tease apart the effects of the changing thermohaline circulation strength to uptake passive tracers and heat.

Bjornsson, H., L.A. Mysak, and G.A. Schmidt, 1997: Mixed boundary conditions versus coupling with an energy - moisture balance model for a zonally averaged ocean climate model.

Although atmosphere — ocean models have difficulty replicating Pliocene climate, atmospheric models forced by specified surface boundary conditions are expected to be capable of calculating global surface temperature with reasonable accuracy.

The atmosphere and the ocean are two interacting turbulent media with turbulent processes going on inside them, and there are all sorts and shapes of physical boundary (of the ocean in particular) that «contain'the eddies in a way that may or may not allow prediction of average conditions over areas less than the size of the earth.

Thus, in numerical weather prediction out to a mere few days, one tends to neglect the intrinsic variability of the oceans and concentrates on the atmosphere, with sea surface temperatures prescribed as a boundary condition; the sea surface temperature field can either be kept constant in time or allowed to vary in some prescribed manner, e.g., according to a diurnal cycle.

Here, we present an explanation for time - invariant land — sea warming ratio that applies if three conditions on radiative forcing are met: first, spatial variations in the climate forcing must be sufficiently small that the lower free troposphere warms evenly over land and ocean; second, the temperature response must not be large enough to change the global circulation to zeroth order; third, the temperature response must not be large enough to modify the boundary layer amplification mechanisms that contribute to making φ exceed unity.

Calculating the climate is a «boundary value» problem, where you define a set of unchanging conditions, the physics of air and sunlight and the geography of mountains and oceans, and compute the unchanging average of the weather that these conditions determine.

This would require dividing the ocean into a minimum of two layers and solving a partial differential equation (the «heat equation») with appropriate boundary conditions.

But a reminder, you are doing V&V on the dynamic core, the bottom boundary conditions (like orography), each individual parameterization (e.g. radiative transfer, convection, boundary layer, clouds, etc), and in the case of coupled models the ocean module, the sea ice module, the land process module, the aerosol module (and in future the ice sheet module), in stand alone mode as well as when coupled in the climate model.

We find that over a wide range of values of diapycnal diffusivity and Southern Ocean winds, and with a variety of changes in surface boundary conditions, the spatial patterns of ocean temperature anomaly are nearly always determined as much or more by the existing heat reservoir redistribution than by the nearly passive uptake of temperature due to changes in the surface boundary conditOcean winds, and with a variety of changes in surface boundary conditions, the spatial patterns of ocean temperature anomaly are nearly always determined as much or more by the existing heat reservoir redistribution than by the nearly passive uptake of temperature due to changes in the surface boundary conditocean temperature anomaly are nearly always determined as much or more by the existing heat reservoir redistribution than by the nearly passive uptake of temperature due to changes in the surface boundary conditions.