Sentences with phrase «ocean upwelling for»

It has become clear over the past few years that the importance of Southern Ocean upwelling for our understanding of climate rivals that of North Atlantic downwelling, because it controls the rate at which ocean reservoirs of heat and carbon communicate with the surface.

Not exact matches

The models then identified similar upwelling and feeding regions in the Northern Indian Ocean that are also likely to be important habitat for the endangered species.

Because the upwelled waters ran along the surface for a longer period of time, nutrients spent more time near the surface of the ocean where phytoplankton could feed on them for longer.

Washington, which produces farmed oysters, clams and mussels, is particularly vulnerable to acidification, for two reasons: seasonal, wind - driven upwelling events bring low - pH waters from the deep ocean towards the shore, and land - based nutrient runoff from farming fuels algal growth, which also lowers pH.

There's geological evidence for occasional water upwelling from Europa's subsurface ocean — a process similar to the upwelling of magma from Earth's mantle.

In the northern Mozambique channel and the Raja Ampat archipelago in Indonesia, for instance, upwelling and ocean gyres bring cool water that has allowed fragile corals to escape bleaching.

My research indicates that the Siberian peat moss, Arctic tundra, and methal hydrates (frozen methane at the bottom of the ocean) all have an excellent chance of melting and releasing their stored co2.Recent methane concentration figures also hit the news last week, and methane has increased after a long time being steady.The forests of north america are drying out and are very susceptible to massive insect infestations and wildfires, and the massive die offs - 25 % of total forests, have begun.And, the most recent stories on the Amazon forecast that with the change in rainfall patterns one third of the Amazon will dry and turn to grassland, thereby creating a domino cascade effect for the rest of the Amazon.With co2 levels risng faster now that the oceans have reached carrying capacity, the oceans having become also more acidic, and the looming threat of a North Atlanic current shutdown (note the recent terrible news on salinity upwelling levels off Greenland,) and the change in cold water upwellings, leading to far less biomass for the fish to feed upon, all lead to the conclusion we may not have to worry about NASA completing its inventory of near earth objects greater than 140 meters across by 2026 (Recent Benjamin Dean astronomy lecture here in San Francisco).

In the North West US along the Pacific Coast the oyster industry has been having a hard time for the last two or three years, partly because of ocean acidification, which is related with the upwelling of deep water.

Upwelling sucks cold nutrient - rich water that normally lies at the bottom of the ocean to the surface, providing food for hundreds of species.

Marlborough is famous for epic right hand point breaks that are intensified by deep ocean trenches and tidal upwellings.

Huge tidal flows between the Pacific and Indian oceans cause upwelling's of cold, nutrient rich water delivering a constant stream of food for the rich reefs and marine life found around the islands of the Komodo National Park.

The first is to emphasize your point that degassing of CO2 from the oceans is not simply a matter of warmer water reducing CO2 solubility, and that important additional factors include changes in wind patterns, reduction in sea ice cover to reveal a larger surface for gas escape, and upwelling of CO2 from depths consequent to the changing climate patterns.

My understanding of this process is that it mostly occurs near coastal upwellings which bring up nutrients from the deep and that it is responsible for a significant fraction of ocean carbon sequestration.

The failure of upwelling due in 2005 is known to be responsible for these poor ocean conditions.

For a rough estimate, downwelling water to the deep ocean in convection zones is about 40 Sv (10 ^ 6 m3 / s), assuming that comes in with say 2 deg C, and leaves (through upwelling, isopycnal and diapycnal diffusion), that is a heat flux of 320 TW, thus at least an order of magnitude larger than the geothermal fluxes.

Except perhaps that CaCO3 is a remarkably efficient solid for the purpose of cutting off sources of Ca in upwellings in oceans, acting as a negative feedback?

Moreover, it is found that polarized reflectances obtained at the shorter wavelengths (0.41 and 0.55 µm) are significantly less sensitive to the contribution of the ocean's upwelling light than total reflectance measurements, providing a natural tool for the separation between the estimation of oceanic and atmospheric scattering properties.

In the deep ocean, 14C can reside for about 1,000 years before upwelling returns carbon to the surface.

The issue is that this does not spontaneously appear unless it is something as simple as cooler upwelling ocean flows providing a steeper concentration gradient for excess heat to flow down.

Regardless of near term outcomes — it is odds on for a cooler sun and more upwelling in the Pacific Ocean this century — providing a cooling influence on the oceans and atmosphere and the inevitable regional variability in rainfall.

The trigger for more Pacific upwelling is the great ocean gyres.

Deep ocean currents occasionally push through the warm surface layer in the south eastern Pacific in one of the major areas for upwelling on the planet.

The Antarctic ice sheet reached the coastline for the first time at ca. 33.6 Ma and became a driver of Antarctic circulation, which in turn affected global climate, causing increased latitudinal thermal gradients and a «spinning up» of the oceans that resulted in: (1) increased thermohaline circulation and erosional pulses of Northern Component Water and Antarctic Bottom Water; (2) increased deep - basin ventilation, which caused a decrease in oceanic residence time, a decrease in deep - ocean acidity, and a deepening of the calcite compensation depth (CCD); and (3) increased diatom diversity due to intensified upwelling.

report that ocean sediment cores containing an «undisturbed history of the past» have been analyzed for variations in PP over timescales that include the Little Ice Age... they determined that during the LIA the ocean off Peru had «low PP, diatoms and fish,» but that «at the end of the LIA, this condition changed abruptly to the low subsurface oxygen, eutrophic upwelling ecosystem that today produces more fish than any region of the world's oceans... write that «in coastal environments, PP, diatoms and fish and their associated predators are predicted to decrease and the microbial food web to increase under global warming scenarios,» citing Ito et al..

These considerations used to be accounted for in simplified models, notably upwelling diffusive ocean models which do exhibit the long tail and scaling of perturbation response times that are observed.

This further complicates any attribution of trends in surface pH. For example upwelling of stored CO2 is believed to have been the main driver of the rise in atmospheric CO2 and the fall in ocean surface pH during the transition from the glacial maximum to our interglacial.

Environmental variables estimated over larger spatial and temporal scales included the upwelling index (UI) for 48 ° N, 125 ° W (http://www.pfeg.noaa.gov), an indicator of upwelling strength based on wind stress measurements, as well as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO, http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/PDO.latest), a composite indicator of ocean temperature anomalies [33], seawater temperature from Buoy 46041 ∼ 50 km to the southwest from Tatoosh (www.ndbc.noaa.gov), and remote sensing of chl a (SeaWiFS, AquaModis).

As shown on figure 17 - D the regions for absorption and out - gassing are separate; there is no «global» equilibrium between the atmosphere and the ocean; carbon absorbed tens of years ago at high latitudes is resurfacing in upwellings; carbon absorbed by plants months to centuries ago is degassed by soils.

While that still is sparse for the full oceans (especially the South Pacific) surface, all repeated measurements of the same places over time show an increase in DIC, and as far as measured, a decrease in pH. That includes the main upwelling areas where the deep ocean volcano releases should be measurable first.

The lag is a different (and mostly unresolved) problem: while the lag during warming periods is explainable as the about 800 year turnover time for deep ocean down / upwelling flows, the much longer delay of CO2 during periods of cooling towards a new ice age is difficult to explain, the more that methane does follow temperature far more closely, thus errors in ice age — gas age difference are not at the base of the lag...

But considering that anywhere in the ocean the pH drops with increasing depth, all that needs to happen is an upwelling for any reason and the pH will change.

Early retirement or terminating those that fail to provide scientific rigor (let's name some names - Feely at PMEL for pretending upwelling is ocean acidification, and that OA is a problem with biologically mismanaged oyster hatcheries.

Upwelling cold bottom water is the exception which proves the rule for vertical heat flux in the ocean.

However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes other than OA, such as emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by anthropogenic CO2 alone.

For climate, vector winds are required to compute wind stress curl, an essential climate quantity that drives Ekman pumping and suction in the ocean, thereby implying vertical circulations (i.e., upwelling and downwelling).

That's because the upwelling of cold water associated with La Nina episodes or the cool phase of the PDO, for instance, delay the Planck response to an increase in external forcing and hence help maintain the TOA imbalance and help drive the ocean heat gain.