Sentences with phrase «ocean wind speeds»

With this goal in mind, Foti et al. demonstrate a new satellite remote sensing technique that uses reflected GPS signals to measure ocean wind speeds during hurricanes.

The military uses the microwave information to detect ocean wind speeds to feed into weather models, among other uses, but the data happen to be nearly perfect for sensing sea ice, says Walt Meier, a sea - ice specialist with the NSIDC.

Not exact matches

On average, the pups moved farther downwind when wind speeds were higher, and tended to move to the right of the wind direction — likely following wind - driven ocean currents.

Let's say your wind speed is strong, and the wind direction is opposite between the upper levels and the [ocean's] surface — then you get a strong shearing environment.

Doug Smith at the UK Met Office fed key data such as ocean temperatures, air pressure and wind speeds for every year from 1960 to 1995 into DePreSys, a model already used to predict weather a decade ahead.

«I am very interested in these wind speed increases and whether they may have also played some role in slowing down the warming at the surface of the ocean,» said Prof Sherwood.

This ingenious device uses radar to measure the choppiness of the ocean surface, and thereby to infer the speed and direction of the ocean winds (a technique known as scatterometry).

Activity within the eyewall is closely connected to the hurricane's overall intensity, with the vertical updraft fed by an inward - spiraling, ocean - hugging wind whose average speed is the highest across the whole storm.

To track ocean storms and dangerous waves, the Navy uses radar data from satellites that estimate wind speed and wave height.

Things can be rough on the open ocean — and they appear to be getting rougher, with increased average air speed, wave height, and frequency of strong winds and large waves over the past two decades.

The remote sensing instrument will use radar pulses to observe the speed and direction of winds over the ocean for the improvement of weather forecasting.

A new study has found that turbulent mixing in the deep waters of the Southern Ocean, which has a profound effect on global ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind spOcean, which has a profound effect on global ocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind spocean circulation and climate, varies with the strength of surface eddies — the ocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind spocean equivalent of storms in the atmosphere — and possibly also wind speeds.

The advantage of having a lower generator and consequently a lower center of gravity helps lower installation costs on floating platforms in the ocean, where wind speed is typically higher than on land, observed Veers.

Artist's rendering of NASA's ISS - RapidScat instrument (inset), which will launch to the International Space Station in 2014 to measure ocean surface wind speed and direction and help improve weather forecasts, including hurricane monitoring.

This map shows a global three - day average of wind speeds over the world's oceans.

Over the course of coming decades, though, trade wind speed is expected to decrease from global warming, Thunell says, and the result will be less phytoplankton production at the surface and less oxygen utilization at depth, causing a concomitant increase in the ocean's oxygen content.

About 19 months after the wind churned the ocean, cycling warm deep waters upward and sending the cold surface waters down, the Totten ice shelf was noticeably thinner and had sped up.

Results published by NOC scientists in 2015 have already demonstrated the capabilities of spaceborne GNSS - R for ocean surface wind speed retrieval.

With wind speed exceeding a Category 1 threshold, the ocean surface unexpectedly became more «slippery.»

The surfboard - size, wave - powered Papa Mau traveled 16,668 kilometers from San Francisco to Australia's Hervey Bay, tracking information about ocean currents, wind speed and organisms critical to ocean life.

Impact of Wind Turbine Wakes, Escarpments, and Land / Ocean Transitions on Wind Speed and Turbulence

We rounded out our year with the Alfa twins by taking the Spider for high - speed runs up the winding Angeles Crest Highway and slow rolls alongside the Pacific Ocean, certain the car deserved every ounce of praise we initially gave it.

For example, wind or ocean current speed and direction.

This is to be expected because the spin - up of the wind - driven ocean circulation speeds up the currents (Ekman transport) which carry heat out of the tropics in the near - surface layers toward the subtropical ocean gyres.

-- Climate impacts: global temperatures, ice cap melting, ocean currents, ENSO, volcanic impacts, tipping points, severe weather events — Environment impacts: ecosystem changes, disease vectors, coastal flooding, marine ecosystem, agricultural system — Government actions: US political views, world - wide political views, carbon tax / cap - and - trade restrictions, state and city efforts — Reducing GHGs: + electric power systems: fossil fuel use, conservation, solar, wind, geothermal, nuclear, tidal, other + transportation sector: conservation, mass transit, high speed rail, air travel, auto / truck (mileage issues, PHEVs, EVs, biofuels, hydrogen) + architectural structure design: home / office energy use, home / office conservation, passive solar, other

2) Are wind speeds supposed to increase over most of the oceans?

With the exception of the South Pacific Ocean, all tropical cyclone basins show increases in the lifetime - maximum wind speeds of the strongest storms.

Measurements at high wind speed and / or over the oceans show about the same CO2 levels as the ice core data of the same period.

Bentamy A., K B. Katsaros, M. Alberto, W. M. Drennan, E. B. Forde, and H. Roquet, 2003: Satellite Estimates of wind speed and latent heat flux over the global oceans, J. Climate, 16, 637 - 656.

Wind shear is the difference in wind speed and direction between the ocean surface and the mid-to-upper atmosphWind shear is the difference in wind speed and direction between the ocean surface and the mid-to-upper atmosphwind speed and direction between the ocean surface and the mid-to-upper atmosphere.

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The European Remote - Sensing Satellites (ERS - 1 and ERS - 2), launched by the European Space Agency respectively on July 17, 1991 and April 21, 1995, carry the first satellite - borne C - band (5.3 GHz) Active Microwave Instrument (AMI) capable of measuring, in scatterometer mode, surface wind speeds and directions over the oceans.

Over the ocean this includes: sea surface slope and surface current, significant wave height, wind speed and sea level from radar altimetry at about 10 km resolution: sea surface temperature under cloud free conditions from the infrared radiometer at about 300 m resolution; chlorophyll a and phytoplankton from the imaging spectrometer under cloud free conditions at about 300 m resolution.

The researchers then built a statistical model to project how typhoon peak wind speeds are likely to change as the oceans continue to warm in the future.

«With the exception of the South Pacific Ocean, all tropical cyclone basins show increases in the lifetime - maximum wind speeds of the strongest storms... Our results are qualitatively consistent with the hypothesis that as the seas warm, the ocean has more energy to convert to tropical cyclone wind.&rOcean, all tropical cyclone basins show increases in the lifetime - maximum wind speeds of the strongest storms... Our results are qualitatively consistent with the hypothesis that as the seas warm, the ocean has more energy to convert to tropical cyclone wind.&rocean has more energy to convert to tropical cyclone wind.»

E. 7.3 Describe how global patterns such as the jet stream and ocean currents influence local weather in measureable terms such as temperature, air pressure, wind direction and speed, and humidity and precipitation.

That, since the atmosphere is strongly coupled to the Oceans, the changes in the speeds of the subtropical trade winds are far larger in an La Nina than in an El Nino?

The SeaWinds instrument on the QuikSCAT satellite is a specialized microwave radar that measures near - surface wind speed and direction under all weather and cloud conditions over Earth's oceans.

The buoys carry a bevy of advanced instruments, including devices called lidar, which is short for light detection and ranging, to measure wind speed and direction at multiple heights above the ocean.

QUOTE:» There were over 3 million pCO2 measurements of ocean waters in the past decades which confirm Henry's law...» ANSWER: You seem to refer to Takahashi's data; as the exchange of CO2 between air and water is strongly dependent upon the speed of the wind (as the third power of the wind according to Wanninkof & McGillis 1999) it's not Henry law!

Figure 17 - D hints at the very strong spatial variability of the CO2 content of the air and of the surface waters; exchanges between air and ocean are proportional to the difference of the pressures times the cube of the speed of the wind.

A body of sea water with significant depth, black bottom, controlled humidity and wind / wave speeds to simulate ocean conditions.

For example, at another wind farm in Nova Scotia, maximum sound levels were estimated to be 49 dBA using ISO9613 - 2, however, measured values were as high as 54 dBA when wind speeds were 5 m / s blowing on - shore from the ocean (Howe, Gastmeier, Chapnik Limited, 2006).

Meteorological measurement and historical record of air temperature is now impacted by change to global wind speed caused by energy removed from wind by wind turbines, and also by impact of human induced change to ocean chemistry.

They found that the winds stirred up the ocean, speeding the release of gases into the air.

(The air next to the ocean surface is saturated with water vapor and the wind speeds up the rate at which diffusion and convection can move this water vapor elsewhere in the atmosphere.)

where L = latent heat of vaporization, ρ = density of air, qs = specific humidity at the surface, qr = specific humidity at a reference height, usually 10m, CDE = empirically measured aerodynamic humidity transfer coefficient (typically around 10 ^ -3 over the ocean), Ur = wind speed at the reference height.

So the equation has a term for the humidity 10m (or some other reference height) above the ocean surface, and the wind speed (because that is the main mechanism for moving the less saturated air to the surface).

The annual average is about 0.25 of the peak — but you expect as well that the reflected SW would not vary as much as you suggest albedo of oceans being influenced by «solar zenith angle, wind speed, transmission by atmospheric cloud / aerosol, and ocean chlorophyll concentration.»

«Measurements at a sea platform show that the ocean surface albedo is highly variable and is sensitive to four physical parameters: solar zenith angle, wind speed, transmission by atmospheric cloud / aerosol, and ocean chlorophyll concentration.»