Sentences with phrase «of national emissions reductions»

In the absence of a court adjudicating what equity requires of nations in setting their national climate change commitments, a possibility but far from a guarantee under existing international and national law (for an explanation of some of the litigation issues, Buiti, 2011), the best hope for encouraging nations to improve the ambition of their national emissions reductions commitments on the basis of equity and justice is the creation of a mechanism under the UNFCCC that requires nations to explain their how they quantitatively took equity into account in establishing their INDCs and why their INDC is consistent with the nation's ethical obligations to people who are most vulnerable to climate change and the above principles of international law.

Not exact matches

Dave Sawyer, one of the authors of the National Round Table on Environment and Economy report, and blogger at EnviroEconomics.ca, makes some pertinent insider comments on the efficacy of a carbon tax in reducing emissions from personal transportation, a major source of emissions: While the carbon tax will â $ œdriveâ $ some reductions in vehicle kilometers traveled, -LSB-...]

The National Energy Guarantee purports to deliver the twin goals of meeting the emissions reduction target Australia signed up to in Paris in 2005 and making energy affordable and reliable again.

But we don't yet have a national emissions reduction target that any credible expert believes is capable of delivering on our Paris commitments for the machinery to deliver.

Oral Questions - UK's balance of trade with the EU Oral Questions - Office for National Statistics review of the methodology of calculating changes in prices Oral Questions - How the draft Energy Bill will deliver reductions in greenhouse gas emissions Legislation - Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Bill

A new report by the National Research Council finds that in terms of the scale of GHG emissions reductions required to mitigate anthropogenic climate change, the U.S.

David Streets, a senior scientist who studies historic mercury emissions at the Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois, said mercury emissions have gone down in the United States and Europe, but a rush in coal use in some fast - growing countries like China, and a resurgence of artisanal gold mining in places like Africa, is offsetting the reductions.

At one such session, Qian Zhimin, deputy director of China's National Energy Administration, told his fellow CPPCC delegates that solar energy and wind power will continue to play a major role in China's economy and in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, according to a report on CPPCC's Web site.

-- The term «national deforestation reduction activities» means activities in developing countries that reduce a quantity of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation that is calculated by measuring actual emissions against a national deforestation baseline established pursuant to section 754 (d)(1) and (2).

With a sustained national commitment, the United States could obtain substantial energy - efficiency improvements, new sources of energy, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through the accelerated deployment of existing and emerging energy technologies, according to the prepublication copy of the capstone report of the America's Energy Future project of the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Enginational commitment, the United States could obtain substantial energy - efficiency improvements, new sources of energy, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through the accelerated deployment of existing and emerging energy technologies, according to the prepublication copy of the capstone report of the America's Energy Future project of the National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of EngiNational Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of EngiNational Academy of Sciences and National Academy of EngiNational Academy of Engineering.

«The gap between the scale of global ambitions and the scale of national offerings has been clear to the research community for a long time, but the Kyoto Protocol's focus on near - term emissions reductions... coupled with the scientific focus on long - term stabilization of climate at some unspecified point in the future has long given negotiators an out: they have been able to compare near - term actions without having to square them with long - term goals, rather like guys in a pub arguing about whose round it is while never actually having to settle up the bill,» Frame said in an email.

The AAA says results of the tests it commissioned also suggest upcoming national emissions - reduction regulations may be based on flawed assumptions.

Australia's National Transport Commission reports a 1.1 % reduction in carbon - dioxide emissions from new cars and light - commercial vehicles since 2015, even though the country has the lowest - quality gasoline of the 35 countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Channel Islands Region Incentive - Based Vessel Speed Reduction Programs 2014 and 2016 In 2014, in partnership with local agencies and non-government organizations, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary launched a trial incentive program to slow ships down in the Santa Barbara Channel to reduce air emissions and reduce the likelihood of fatality from a ship strike to endangered whales in the region.

And then there will be the major economies leader meeting in July — that's the one I'll be going to — where we will seek agreement on a long - term global goal for emissions reductions, as well as an agreement on how national plans will be part of the post-2012 approach.

Indeed, it was a «cap» and a «floor» — emission reductions were held to 50 % even though the economic national benefit of additional reductions exceeded the cost by a factor of 25.

All -LCB- developed country Parties -RCB--LCB- all Annex I Parties and all current European Union (EU) member States, EU candidate countries and potential candidate countries that are not included in Annex I to the Convention -RCB--LCB- Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries, countries that are not OECD members but whose economic development stages are equivalent to those of the OECD members, and countries that voluntarily wish to be treated as developed countries -RCB--LCB- shall -RCB--LCB- should -RCB- adopt legally binding mitigation commitments or actions including economy - wide quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives16 for the period from -LCB- 1990 -RCB--LCB- 2013 -RCB--LCB- XXXX -RCB- until -LCB- 2017 -RCB--LCB- 2020 -RCB--LCB- XXXX -RCB-, while ensuring comparability of efforts among them, taking into account differences in their national circumstances.

There is no substitute for dramatic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the negative consequences of climate change, a National Research Council committee concluded in a two - volume evaluation of proposed climate - intervention techniques.

With the developing world now generating half the planet's greenhouse gas emissions, one of the thorniest challenges facing climate change negotiators in Copenhagen will be apportioning national reduction targets in coming decades.

Jan 20: «进度报告 ： 评价中国的» 十一五» 节能减排成绩和机会 (Progress Report: Assessing China's energy - saving and emissions - reduction accomplishments and opportunities during the 11th Five - Year Plan)» by Dr. Mark Levine, Senior Staff Scientist, Group Leader and Founder of China Energy Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, United States.

In the near term, federal policy could: i) level the playing field between air captured CO2 and fossil - fuel derived CO2 by providing subsidies or credits for superior carbon lifecycle emissions that account for recovering carbon from the atmosphere; ii) provide additional research funding into air capture R&D initiatives, along with other areas of carbon removal, which have historically been unable to secure grants; and iii) ensure air capture is deployed in a manner that leads to sustainable net - negative emissions pathways in the future, within the framework of near - term national emissions reductions, and securing 2 °C - avoiding emissions trajectories.

The effectiveness of the national plan in creating jobs and private spending has prompted these groups to propose a public / private partnership to strategically focus stimulus dollars that will enable a full - scale building industry revival while simultaneously addressing energy and greenhouse gas emissions reductions.

Another perspective on burden sharing, one that is central to the ongoing negotiations, expresses post-2012 obligations in terms of emission reduction obligations and Kyoto - style national targets.

He emphasizes a recent trend in finance models for forest preservation and a growing consensus in the international community: local projects linked to regional or national government emissions accounting frameworks limit the risk for leakage and increase the security of reductions.

The percentage of net reduction or increase of national CO2 emissions after taking this category into account varied widely amongst Parties.

Applying the GDRs framework, national emission reduction obligations are defined as shares of the global mitigation requirement, which is allocated among countries in proportion to their RCI.

[12] In fact, using the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Induced Climate Change developed by researchers at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, even if all carbon dioxide emissions in the United States were effectively eliminated, there would be less than two - tenths of a degree Celsius reduction in global temperatures.

The availability of verified emissions data has allowed the Commission to ensure that the cap on national allocations under the second phase is set at a level that results in real emission reductions.

One Planet Living principle Masdar Target ZERO CARBON 100 per cent of energy supplied by renewable energy — Photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, wind, waste to energy and other technologies ZERO WASTE 99 per cent diversion of waste from landfill (includes waste reduction measures, re-use of waste wherever possible, recycling, composting, waste to energy) SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT Zero carbon emissions from transport within the city; implementation of measures to reduce the carbon cost of journeys to the city boundaries (through facilitating and encouraging the use of public transport, vehicle sharing, supporting low emissions vehicle initiatives) SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS Specifying high recycled materials content within building products; tracking and encouraging the reduction of embodied energy within material sand throughout the construction process; specifying the use of sustainable materials such as Forest Stewardship Council certified timber, bamboo and other products SUSTAINABLE FOOD Retail outlets to meet targets for supplying organic food and sustainable and or fair trade products SUSTAINABLE WATER Per capita water consumption to be at least 50 per cent less than the national average; all waste water to be re-used HABITATS AND WILDLIFE All valuable species to be conserved or relocated with positive mitigation targets CULTURE AND HERITAGE Architecture to integrate local values.

C2ES is working with cities, states, and businesses to explore cap - and - trade, carbon taxes and other market - based strategies for cost - effective emissions reduction, with the ultimate aim of a national market - based climate program.

In addition, because each national emission reduction target commitment must be understood as an implicit position of the nation on safe ghg atmospheric concentration levels, setting national ghg emissions goals must be set with full knowledge of how any national target will affect the global problem.

This technical document provides the following information: - An update of global greenhouse gas emission estimates, based on a number of different authoritative scientific sources; - An overview of national emission levels, both current (2010) and projected (2020) consistent with current pledges and other commitments; - An estimate of the level of global emissions consistent with the two degree target in 2020, 2030 and 2050; - An update of the assessment of the «emissions gap» for 2020; - A review of selected examples of the rapid progress being made in different parts of the world to implement policies already leading to substantial emission reductions and how they can be scaled up and replicated in other countries, with the view to bridging the emissions gap.

This technical document presents the latest estimates of the emissions gap in 2020 and provides plentiful information, including about current (2010) and projected (2020) levels of global greenhouse gas emissions, both in the absence of additional policies and consistent with national pledge implementation; the implications of starting decided emission reductions now or in the coming decades; agricultural development policies that can help increase yields, reduce fertilizer usage and bring about other benefits, while reducing emissions of greenhouse gases; and, international cooperative initiatives that, while potentially overlapping with pledges, can complement them and help bridge the emissions gap.

Policy at the national level must encourage the deployment of clean energy technologies, and include greenhouse gas emission reduction targets (such as those under the Paris Agreement), carbon pricing mechanisms, and investment in energy research, development and demonstration.

A new website should be of great value to policy - makers to view and understand the relationship between their national emissions reduction strategies and the global climate change problem, issues that must be considered in setting national ghg targets as a matter of ethics.

However, a clear understanding of how national emissions reductions commitments affect global climate change impacts requires an understanding of complex relationships between atmospheric ghg concentrations, likely global temperature changes in response to ghg atmospheric concentrations, rates of ghg emissions reductions over time and all of this requires making assumptions about how much CO2 from emissions will remain in the atmosphere, how sensitive the global climate change is to atmospheric ghg concentrations, and when the international community begins to get on a serious emissions reduction pathway guided by equity considerations.

China's 12th Five Year Plan (2011 - 2015) sets a national target for the reduction of carbon emissions, through the reduction of carbon intensity per unit of GDP by 40 - 45 % by 2020.

Requires the President, beginning June 30, 2018, and every four years thereafter, to determine, for each eligible industrial sector, whether more than 85 % of U.S. imports for that sector are from countries that: (1) are parties to international agreements requiring economy - wide binding national commitments at least as stringent as those of the United States; (2) have annual energy or GHG intensities for the sector comparable or better than the equivalent U.S. sector; or (3) are parties to an international or bilateral emission reduction agreement for that sector.

However, a rise of 3.5 degrees — likely to occur if national emissions reductions remain at currently pledged levels — would affect 11 % of the world population, while a rise of 5 degrees could increase this to 13 %.

Battling the incestuous relationship of national governments and multi-national corporations has paved a tiresome situation for producing any meaningful action in emissions reduction.

C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, 12 California, 7, 68, 102, 128, 169 - 170, 187, 196, 232 - 234, 245 California Energy Commission, 232 Cambridge Media Environment Programme (CMEP), 167 - 168 Cambridge University, 102 Cameron, David, 11, 24, 218 Cameroon, 25 Campbell, Philip, 165 Canada, 22, 32, 64, 111, 115, 130, 134, 137, 156 - 157, 166, 169, 177, 211, 222, 224 - 226, 230, 236, 243 Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS), 15 Cap - and - trade, 20, 28, 40 - 41, 44, 170, 175 allowances (permits), 41 - 42, 176, 243 Capitalism, 34 - 35, 45 Capps, Lois, 135 Car (see vehicle) Carbon, 98, 130 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), 192 Carbon Capture and Storage Association, 164 Carbon credits (offsets), 28 - 29, 42 - 43, 45 Carbon Cycle, 80 - 82 Carbon dioxide (CO2), 9, 18, 23, 49 - 51, 53, 55, 66 - 67, 72 - 89, 91, 98 - 99, 110, 112, 115, 118, 128 - 132, 137, 139, 141 - 144, 152, 240 emissions, 12, 18 - 25, 28 - 30, 32 - 33, 36 - 38, 41 - 44, 47, 49, 53, 55, 71 - 72, 74, 77 - 78, 81 - 82, 108 - 109, 115, 132, 139, 169, 186, 199 - 201, 203 - 204, 209 - 211, 214, 217, 219, 224, 230 - 231, 238, 241, 243 - 244 Carbon Dioxide Analysis Center, 19 Carbon Expo, 42 Carbon, footprint, 3, 13, 29, 35, 41, 45, 110, 132 tax, 20, 44, 170 trading, 13, 20, 40, 43, 44, 176, 182 Carbon monoxide (CO), 120 Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC), 44 Carlin, George, 17 Carter, Bob, 63 Carter, Jimmy, 186, 188 Cato Institute, 179 CBS, 141, 146 Center for Disease Control, 174 Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, 62, 139 Centre for Policy Studies, 219 CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), 96 Chavez, Hugo, 34 Chicago Tribune, 146 China, 29, 32 - 33, 60 - 62, 120, 169, 176, 187 - 188, 211, 216, 225 - 226, 242 - 243 China's National Population and Planning Commission, 33 Chinese Academy of Sciences, 60 Chirac, Jacques, 36 Chlorofluorocarbons, 42 - 43, 50 Choi, Yong - Sang, 88 Christy, John, 105 Churchill, Winston, 214, 220 Chu, Steven, 187 Citibank (Citigroup), 40, 176 Clean Air Act, 85, 128 - 129 Clean Development Mechanism, 42 Climate Action Partnership, 14 Climate alarm, 4, 13, 21, 32, 35, 38, 56, 102 - 103, 115 - 117, 120, 137, 156, 168, 173, 182 Climate Audit, 66 Climate change, adaptation, 39, 110, 112 mitigation, 16, 39, 110 Climate Change and the Failure of Democracy, 34 Climate Change: Picturing the Science, 121 Climate Change Reconsidered, 242 Climate conference, 38 Cancun, 18, 29, 36 - 37, 124 - 125, 242 Copenhagen, 33, 36, 109, 125, 156, 158, 175, 241 - 242 Durban, 13, 36 - 37, 166, 242 - 243 Climategate, 2, 67, 152, 158 - 170, 180, 182, 242 Climate Protection Agreement, 12 Climate Research Unit (CRU), 48, 67, 120, 147, 152 - 153, 158 - 160, 162 - 163, 165 - 167, 169 Climate Science Register, 142 Climatism, definition, 2, 7 Clinton, Bill, 176, 178 Clinton Global Initiative, 176 CLOUD project, 96 Club of Rome, 21, 186 CO2Science, 59, 61 - 62, 66, 131 Coal, 19 - 20, 39 - 41, 80, 126, 128 - 129, 175, 185 - 186, 188 - 190, 192 - 196, 199 - 201, 209, 214, 217, 219, 222, 229 Coase, Ronald, 145 Coca - Cola, 138 Cogley, Graham, 156 Cohen, David, 220 Colorado State University, 117, 181 Columbia University, 7 Columbus, Christopher, 58 Computer models, 16, 51 - 53, 56, 67, 72, 74,77 - 79, 82, 87, 89 - 91, 94, 105, 110 - 111, 120, 124, 138 - 140, 168, 171,173, 181, 238, 240, 246 Conference on the Changing Atmosphere, 15 Consensus, scientific, 12 Copenhagen Business School, 134 Coral, 53 Corporate Average Fuel Economy, 22 - 23 Cosmic Rays, 72, 93 - 99, 180 Credit Suisse, 176 Crow, Cheryl, 30 Crowley, Tom, 167 Cuadrilla Resources, 224 - 225 Curry, Judith, 164, 167 Cycles, natural, 3, 16, 57, 62 - 63, 66 - 69, 72, 80, 99, 103, 138, 238, 240 Milankovich, 62, 67, 80 Cyprus, 134 Czech Republic, 12, 37

The World Bank and the OECD could review the emission reduction policies and their costs, while national institutions could assess the impacts of climate change.

Requires the EPA Administrator to offer to enter into a contract with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to report to Congress and the EPA Administrator by July 1, 2014, and every four years thereafter on: (1) the latest climate change science; and (2) an analysis of technologies to achieve reductions in GHG emissions.

-- The Secretary of Transportation shall establish appropriate requirements, including performance measures, to ensure that transportation plans developed under sections 134 and 135 of title 23 of the United States Code sufficiently meet the requirements of this section, including achieving progress towards national transportation - related greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals.

Based on information from Environment Canada's National Inventory Report: Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada, Bullfrog Power can provide the emissions calculators below to estimate CO2e reductions that can be attributed to each MWh of renewable electricity and m3 or GJ of green natural gas generated and injected onto the systems on our customers» behalf.

Carbon pricing instruments are a policy option that a growing number of countries and regions are utilizing to implement new and complement existing national climate and energy policies and to achieve emission reductions.

-- In the event that the Administrator or the National Academy of Sciences has concluded, in the most recent report submitted under section 705 or 706 respectively, that the United States will not achieve the necessary domestic greenhouse gas emissions reductions, or that global actions will not maintain safe global average surface temperature and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration thresholds, the President shall, not later than July 1, 2015, and every 4 years thereafter, submit to Congress a plan identifying domestic and international actions that will achieve necessary additional greenhouse gas reductions, including any recommendations for legislative action.

-- The Administrator, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall promulgate, and update from time to time, regulations to establish national transportation - related greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals, standardized models and methodologies for use in developing surface transportation - related greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets pursuant to sections 134 and 135 of title 23 of the United States Code and methods for collection of data on transportation - related greenhouse gas emissions.

-- The term «national deforestation reduction activities» means activities in developing countries that reduce a quantity of greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation that is calculated by measuring actual emissions against a national deforestation baseline established pursuant to section 754 (d)(1) and (2).

The joint workshop informed decision makers on the opportunities and challenges of advanced EOR and provided clear recommendations on how advanced EOR can play a meaningful role in national energy and emissions reductions.