The judgment underlines the need for careful drafting and dovetailing
of jurisdiction clauses in related agreements, and the importance of considering the wider litigation strategy to be applied to a complex transaction comprising multiple agreements.
- the «Alexandros T»;
Of jurisdiction clauses and standard terms: the importance of clarity; Conferences and Events; Corrigendum
The UK could seek to accede to the 2007 Lugano Convention, which — like the Recast Regulation — is designed to promote recognition
of jurisdiction clauses within (and outside) the EU.
Subsequently, the appeal court of Angers (Cour d'appel d'Angers) upheld the objection to jurisdiction raised by the company Credit Suisse on the basis
of the jurisdiction clause.
Not exact matches
Instead, Judge Roger Miner ruled that the prohibition violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection
Clause («No State shall... deny to any person within its
jurisdiction the equal protection
of the laws»).
General If any
of these terms and conditions should be determined to be illegal, invalid or otherwise unenforceable by reason
of the laws
of any state or country in which these terms and conditions are intended to be effective, then to the extent and within the
jurisdiction which that Term or Condition is illegal, invalid or unenforceable, it shall be severed and deleted from this
clause and the remaining terms and conditions shall survive, remain in full force and effect and continue to be binding and enforceable.
The invocation
of the Cessation
Clause is within the
jurisdiction of the responsible state parties, not UNHCR, whose role is restricted to making advisory recommendations on its suitability.
But Mr Jack said there was a «substantial» risk the
clause would result in «litigation affecting the boundaries
of jurisdiction between the courts and parliament».
In 1979, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that unionization at religious schools could not be compelled because it could constitute «a significant risk
of infringement
of the Religion
Clauses of the First Amendment if the act conferred
jurisdiction over church - operated schools.»
The Equal Protection
Clause, part
of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which took effect in 1868, provides that no state shall deny to any person within its
jurisdiction «the equal protection
of the laws.»
While the
jurisdiction's fiercest competitor, Singapore, may be seen by some as a more neutral seat for the resolution
of international commercial disputes in the region, Hong Kong is uniquely positioned to take advantage
of Chinese and non-Chinese parties searching for an acceptable compromise over their dispute resolution
clauses.
[T] he original
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, in cases where a State is a party, refers to those cases in which, according to the grant
of power made in the preceding
clause,
jurisdiction might be exercised in consequence
of the character
of the party, and an original suit might be instituted in any
of the federal Courts, not to those cases in which an original suit might not be instituted in a federal Court.
In a scenario which played itself out in various European capitals the measures imposed by the Icelandic government in order to prop up its banking system potentially undermined the agreement's exclusive
jurisdiction clause in favour
of the English High Court as well as its governing English law provision.
In that case the exclusive English High Court
jurisdiction and English governing law
clauses were contained in a share sale agreement which was the subject
of High Court proceedings against the German defendant.
Such arguments did not constitute the strong and compelling grounds required to stay proceedings before the High Court under an exclusive
jurisdiction clause in favour
of foreign insolvency proceedings.
The Svea Court
of Appeal however dismissed the arguments since the investors failed to convincingly show that an interpretation
of the object and purpose
of either the BIT as a whole, or the dispute - resolution
clause in particular, meant that the arbitral tribunal's
jurisdiction included an examination
of whether expropriation had occurred.
It even contained an express governing law and
jurisdiction clause, the purpose
of which the court found difficult to understand «absent an intention to create a legally binding agreement».
In this single case, and never since, the Illinois Supreme Court ruled that the protections offered by the Illinois long - arm statute and Illinois due process exceeded those
of the federal due process
clause under the Fourteenth Amendment, and that for the Illinois courts to assert personal
jurisdiction over the officer on these facts was «not fair, just, and reasonable.»
The Svea Court
of Appeal also dismissed the investors» arguments that a MFN -
clause in the BIT meant that the dispute resolution
clauses in Russia's other BIT's gave the arbitral tribunal
jurisdiction over the dispute.
The Svea Court
of Appeal found that when the relevant dispute - resolution
clause (article 10) in the BIT is interpreted in accordance with article 31 and 30
of the Vienna Convention on the Law
of Treaties («the Vienna Convention»), it only covers
jurisdiction over issues relating to the amount, or method
of payment,
of compensation paid in the event
of an expropriation, and not over the issue as to whether expropriation
of an investment has occurred or not.
Supreme Court Rules Facebook's
Jurisdiction Clause Unenforceable Robert Kalanda blogs on the 4 - 3 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that Facebook could not enforce a jurisdic
Jurisdiction Clause Unenforceable Robert Kalanda blogs on the 4 - 3 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that Facebook could not enforce a jurisdiction c
Clause Unenforceable Robert Kalanda blogs on the 4 - 3 decision by the Supreme Court
of Canada that Facebook could not enforce a
jurisdictionjurisdiction clauseclause.
A subsequent
clause of the same section gives the Supreme Court original
jurisdiction in all cases in which a State shall be a party — the State
of Georgia may then certainly be sued in this Court.
The aim
of BIMCO and the IG has been to produce a
clause which should be recognised and given effect to in most
of the major
jurisdictions, including the US and UK.
Cross-Border European Contracts: The Importance
of Governing Law and
Jurisdiction Clauses In the current European economic climate many businesses that trade with companies based in EU Members States have experienced problems with supply and payment, and there is an upwards trend in cross-border litigation.
Robert Kalanda on Supreme Court
of Canada Narrowly Rules Facebook's
Jurisdiction Clause Unenforceable Robert blogs on the 4 - 3 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that Facebook could not enforce a jurisdiction clause in its terms of use against th
Jurisdiction Clause Unenforceable Robert blogs on the 4 - 3 decision by the Supreme Court of Canada that Facebook could not enforce a jurisdiction clause in its terms of use against the plai
Clause Unenforceable Robert blogs on the 4 - 3 decision by the Supreme Court
of Canada that Facebook could not enforce a
jurisdiction clause in its terms of use against th
jurisdiction clause in its terms of use against the plai
clause in its terms
of use against the plaintiff.
A subsequent
clause of the same section gives the supreme Court original
jurisdiction in all
That said, most contracts now include express
clauses indicating what
jurisdiction and what law will govern in the event
of any dispute between the parties.
The
jurisdiction clause of premarital agreements will carry no weight.
Article III, Section 2,
Clause 3
of the Constitution says that most
of the the Supreme Court's
jurisdiction must be exercised «under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.»
The effect
of these exclusion
clauses will vary between
jurisdictions, so I will briefly examine two different effects
of law with respect to supply
of goods.
«The senior judiciary, along with others, have emphasised the importance
of the Government providing clarity on issues relating to proper law
clauses,
jurisdiction clauses and the recognition and enforcement
of judgments,» he said.
Northrop stated that the forum selection
clause provided exclusive
jurisdiction to the Courts
of California.
Thus under the Railway Act privative
clauses, comparable in every respect to those currently in the ACT, where the Board is acting without its
jurisdiction and has not committed a reviewable error
of law interpreting its statute, any errors
of fact which it may commit are not reviewable.
Baumgartner supra n. 66, at 795 («Most
of the action in transnational litigation in recent years has been in the areas
of personal
jurisdiction, foreign sovereign immunity, the Alien [Tort Statute], forum selection
clauses, and forum non conveniens, tightly followed by the recognition
of foreign judgments, and a bit further behind, transnational discovery and the action
of state doctrine...»).
Another area
of uncertainty concerns the impact on English
jurisdiction clauses, and whether these will operate as intended, post-Brexit.
Whilst it seems likely that the Courts
of many EU Member States would generally continue to recognise English
jurisdiction clauses, in the absence
of a unifying instrument the approaches taken by different EU Member States would almost inevitably be different and quite probably inconsistent.
There are, however, several holes in the convention — the biggest one being that it only applies to exclusive
jurisdiction clauses — and there are substantial numbers
of carveouts, but it would be a lot better than nothing.
In the partnership agreement the
jurisdiction clause should refer to the fact that an SLP will be governed by Scottish law and be subject to the
jurisdiction of the Court
of Session.
If a forum state's courts have «general
jurisdiction» over a defendant, this means that the defendant can be sued in that forum on any cause
of action against that defendant arising anywhere in the world, regardless
of any other relationship that the claim has to the forum state (except for claims in the exclusive
jurisdiction of the federal courts which can be brought in a U.S. District Court located in the same state, or in an arbitration forum pursuant to a valid arbitration
clause that binds the parties, an issue beyond the scope
of this question and answer).
(5) Where a municipality referred to in subsection (1) becomes part
of the area
of jurisdiction of an English - language public district school board, the municipal council shall pay over to the English - language public district school board the money that is held by the municipality and the money shall be used as set out in
clause (4)(b).
AMTF alleges that law firm MMGR induced the former clients to issue proceedings in Germany in breach
of the exclusive
jurisdiction and applicable law
clauses in their contracts.
It was not necessary for there to be a specific reference to the
jurisdiction clause itself, the fact that the relevant party does not have a copy
of the terms and conditions or the
jurisdiction clause in his possession is not relevant» (E Communications Ltd v Vertex Antennentechnik GmBh [2007] 2 All ER (Comm) 798).
The claimant, referring to Art 23
of the Regulation, contended that the parties» contract included the terms
of the pro-forma TOWHIRE form which contained an English
jurisdiction clause.
Usually, a litigants own lost time will not be a compensable item
of damages in legal systems derived from those
of England called «common law»
jurisdictions (including England, Ireland, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia), unless there is an contractual provision that provides that «time is
of the essence» and some liquidated damages
clause in the contract that quantifies this harm.
This has led many
jurisdictions across Canada, and around the World, to simply forbid the inclusion
of what the courts refer to as conclusive or complete undertakings to arbitrate» [1], i.e. exclusive arbitration
clauses.
The Court
of Appeal also addressed the issue
of whether a privative
clause that on its face purports to insulate all aspects
of an administrative decision from judicial review does, in fact, oust the
jurisdiction of the court.
Where proceedings are brought pursuant to an English exclusive
jurisdiction clause, the
clause has mandatory effect, and the court is deprived
of its common law discretion to stay proceedings in favour
of another
jurisdiction on classic forum non conveniens grounds.
On judicial review the chambers justice dismissed the application on the basis that he was bound by the Court
of Appeal decision in Ostrensky v. Crowsnest Pass, 1996 ABCA 18 in regards to the effect
of a tie vote and that the privative
clause in the Teaching Profession Act «insulated all decisions from judicial review except on questions
of jurisdiction».
Whether it's stripping federal courts
of jurisdiction, eliminating agencies or re-reading the commerce
clause or the takings
clause, the activist conservative court that Bush and Co. want will only make responding to the next disaster harder.
The Commission will also be embarking on studies on the protection
of persons in the event
of disasters and the immunity
of State officials from foreign criminal
jurisdiction, with the most - favoured - nation
clause being a potential topic
of future study.