A high - definition image of the Earth rising above the Moon's south pole, taken from Japan's Kaguya lunar
orbiter in 2007.
The budget for NASA's Mars Exploration Program was slashed in February 2012, and as a result the only confirmed future launch to Mars is the MAVEN
orbiter in 2013.
With a rover on the ground and
an orbiter in the sky both beaming information and observations back to Earth, scientists could have answers.
Team members mate the Viking 1 Lander (top) and
orbiter in Kennedy Space Center's Spacecraft Assembly and Encapsulation Facility on Dec. 11, 1974.
A follow - up photo of the region acquired by the NASA
orbiter in March has strengthened the case.
Using imagery taken by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter in 2007, amateur astronomers located an object that could be a Russian lander that went dark after a few seconds on Mars in 1971.
And it was criticised for sitting on stunning images taken by the Mars Express
orbiter in 2004.
This would put
the orbiter in a position to drop the Philae lander in a few hours.
Eratosthenes, a 37 - mile - wide crater blasted into a plain of frozen lava, is seen here from the Apollo 17
orbiter in 1972.
NASA scientist Noah Petro sheds some light on the April 15, 2014, lunar eclipse that will leave the Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter in darkness for several hours.
Far side of the moon: this is a composite image of the lunar farside taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter in June 2009, note the absence of dark areas.
Observations made by NASA's Lunar Prospector
orbiter in the late 1990s identified hydrogen - rich areas near the moon's poles but could not determine whether that hydrogen was bound up in water or was present in some other form.
Glaze's probe would also have imaged mysterious highlands, or tessera, mapped in detail by radar on NASA's Magellan
orbiter in the 1990s.
In January this year, it was announced that the lander had been identified in images taken by Nasa's Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter in 2013; these showed the lander as a glinting object, just a few pixels wide, about 5 km from the intended touchdown site.
The Red Planet now has seven robots studying it, following the arrival of two new
orbiters in September: NASA's MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) and MOM (Mars Orbiter Mission), the Indian space agency's first Mars spacecraft.
When Iridium Communications begins launching replacement
orbiters in 2015, it will do much more than upgrade its satphone services.
There were polar
orbiters in the 1960's.
Not exact matches
The rover's instruments have found no traces of the gas,
in contrast to some previous observations made by Red Planet
orbiters.
New images beamed down from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter show the impact scars from the two tungsten counter-weights and the cruise stage, which broke apart and landed about 50 miles from where Curiosity hunkered down at its landing site, later named Bradbury Landing,
in Gale Crater on Aug. 5.
In comparison, the main space shuttle
orbiter has a maximum landing weight of 230,000 pounds.
In contrast, the space shuttle
orbiter has a maximum landing weight of 230,000 pounds.
Planetary scientist Heather Meyer, now at the Lunar and Planetary Institute
in Houston, used data from NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter to...
A few
orbiters have visited Venus
in the past decade, including the European Space Agency's Venus Express from 2006 to 2014, and the Japanese space agency's Akatsuki,
in orbit since December 2015.
Practically every new rover, lander or
orbiter sent to Mars
in recent years turns up more evidence of water, both past and present.
Incorporating this kind of data into the models has been difficult
in part because geostationary data provide fewer measurements for any given vertical slice of the atmosphere than do polar
orbiters, which circle Earth at lower altitudes.
The comet
orbiter touched down on the surface of comet 67P / Churyumov — Gerasimenko at 7:19 a.m. Eastern and immediately shut down, bringing to an end a nearly 26 - month mission
in orbit around the comet.
For now, however, the latest findings show that olivine can play a significant role
in shaping a planet's climate, says Bethany Ehlmann of the California Institute of Technology
in Pasadena, who led the Martian
orbiter discovery.
The comet lander, lost since its tumultuous touch down on the comet on November 12, 2014, turned up
in images taken by the Rosetta
orbiter on September 2.
NASA's Cassini
orbiter first spotted spectacular plumes at Enceladus's south pole
in 2005, shortly after arriving at Saturn.
The comet lander, lost since its tumultuous touchdown on the comet on November 12, 2014, turned up
in images taken by the Rosetta
orbiter on September 2.
In craters near the south pole of the moon, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter found some bright areas and some very cold areas.
Once he had the signal from the lab glass, he used an algorithm designed to pick out similar signals
in data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), which flies aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter.
If all goes as planned, joint European - U.S. projects will yield an
orbiter ready for launch
in 2016 and two rovers
in 2018.
William Schreiner, an aerospace engineer who runs COSMIC - 2 for UCAR, said that, at least
in theory, there will be plenty of room for public and private
orbiters.
The team found that patterns
in radar maps of layers
in the ice cap made with the Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter are consistent with flowing ice (Journal of Geophysical Research, DOI: 10.1029 / 2009je003405).
This remarkable shot looks like it could've been taken by an approaching Shuttle
Orbiter, but
in fact was obtained using an 11 - inch telescope sitting right here on terra firma!
The scientists relied on data from the pair of GRACE satellites — NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
orbiters launched
in 2002 — that measure subtle changes
in Earth's gravitational field, which are often the result of shifting water, whether on the surface or deep beneath it.
According to a year's worth of data sent back from the European Space Agency's Venus Express
orbiter launched
in November 2005, the second planet from the sun is nothing like Earth — from its torrid surface to the upper reaches of its acid - laced atmosphere.
Stone stepped down from JPL
in 2001, but his touch remains
in the current cadence of Mars exploration, alternating between big - budget missions like Curiosity and smaller ones like the MAVEN
orbiter, which studies the Martian atmosphere.
The Viking
orbiters saw dust devils
in the mid-1970s, but researchers weren't sure how much dust they threw into the atmosphere.
In addition to being a spectacle for North America residents, Petro said NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO) team would be paying particular attention to this eclipse.
After an initial reconnection between the
orbiter and lander on 13 June, there were six more communications between Philae and Rosetta, of varying durations,
in the subsequent 10 days.
In this case, he was looking at infrared images taken during the Martian nighttime by the THEMIS instrument, which flies aboard the Mars Odyssey
orbiter.
The country's first lunar forays —
orbiters launched
in 2007 and 2010 — were more engineering demonstrations than scientific missions, but that changed with the first lander, Chang «e-3.
Data from the Moon Mineralogy Mapper that flew aboard India's Chandrayaan - 1 lunar
orbiter shows a diverse mineralogy
in the subsurface of the giant South Pole Aitken basin.
«Sometimes they'll happen and you'll have to be somewhere else on Earth to see them,» said Noah Petro, Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter deputy project scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
in Greenbelt, Md. «Most [residents] of the continental United States will be able to see the whole thing.»
While space agencies are planning to send more
orbiters to study Jupiter and its moons
in the next decade, probes remain impractical because the gas planet has no solid surface to land on.
Images from the Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft, released
in October, show a pattern of cliffy scarps all across the lunar surface (as shown on the map above, with white dots indicating newly discovered scarps and black dots marking previously known ones).
The space shuttle program has just three launches before the
orbiters are retired later this year or early
in 2011, and Obama has proposed scrapping the shuttle program's successor, known as Constellation, which was first sketched out by President George W. Bush
in 2004.
Using the Shallow Radar instrument aboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter, Holt was able to peek beneath the ice's surface for clues;
in particular, the radar could pick out differences
in electrical reflectivity between overlying layers, showing how the ice built up over time.