Sentences with phrase «ozone formation in»

FUV (126 - 200nm) also shows big variations in the 10 - 30 % range and is a very important player along with EUV for ozone formation in the stratosphere and mesosphere.

This paper develops a new theory of stratospheric ozone formation in situ at high latitudes, based upon tropospheric transport and conversion of paramagnetic oxygen.

Summertime Photochemical Ozone Formation in Santiago de Chile.

Not exact matches

This reaction could play an important role in explaining the observed depletion of ozone over Antarctica; it releases photolytically active chlorine from its most abundant reservoir species, and it promotes the formation of HNO3 and thus removes nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the gas phase.

In September, the ozone hole is at its largest because the cold winter months coupled with the returning daylight permit stratospheric cloud formations that do the most damage to the ozone layer.

Excess deaths from local ozone episodes in the summer that result indirectly from CO2 emissions via ozone formation - can in principle be attributed to CO2.

To what extent climate change due to the emission of greenhouse gases may favor the formation of an «ozone hole» in the Arctic stratosphere is an important topic of the POLSTRACC campaign.

In 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, Congress gave the agency six months to make sure all emissions contributing to ozone formation were assigned up - to - date, accurate factors, and directed the EPA to review the numbers every three years thereafter.

The formation of large areas of high pressure in the lower atmosphere both lowers ozone levels, by squeezing the ozone layer above, and may provide the very cold conditions in which ozone destruction is greatest.

A final possibility is that there has been increased formation of the hydroxyl radical in the atmosphere — perhaps caused by the thinning of the ozone layer, which allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach low levels.

(Such low air temperatures encourage the formation of icy clouds in the upper atmosphere known as polar stratospheric clouds, which foster the chemical reactions that turn harmless chlorine compounds into ozone eradicators.)

Aircraft emissions probably play a crucial role in ozone destruction by fuelling the formation of polar stratospheric clouds.

Even though open windows bring in more ozone from outside, the reduction in the indoor limonene concentration and SOA formation strength more than make up for it, as less secondary organic aerosol is formed inside.

By adjusting elements of the test, such as the air exchange rate, which is the number of times per hour indoor air is replaced by outdoor air, as well as the concentrations of terpene and ozone in the chamber, the group was able to ascertain how those variables each affected the formation of secondary organic aerosols.

The Berkeley Lab team has done previous studies establishing the formation of harmful thirdhand smoke constituents by reaction of nicotine with indoor nitrous acid, showing that nicotine can react with ozone to form potentially harmful ultrafine particles, and finding that thirdhand smoke can cause genetic damage in human cells.

The key studies for MARCI center on daily monitoring of dust storms, polar cloud formation, and variations in ozone content of the atmosphere.

Ground - level ozone formation increases under the hot and stagnant conditions that are expected to increase in a warmer world.

The Paramagnetic Oxygen Transport Thesis explains the failure of Brewer - Dobson equatorial ozone formation, the Ozone Hole in 1983, continued Antarctic cold temps concurrent with Arctic warming, mid-latitude ozone formation which accelerates jet streams and elongates Rossby wave loops, and wandering magnetic poles which control extreme weather and climate chozone formation, the Ozone Hole in 1983, continued Antarctic cold temps concurrent with Arctic warming, mid-latitude ozone formation which accelerates jet streams and elongates Rossby wave loops, and wandering magnetic poles which control extreme weather and climate chOzone Hole in 1983, continued Antarctic cold temps concurrent with Arctic warming, mid-latitude ozone formation which accelerates jet streams and elongates Rossby wave loops, and wandering magnetic poles which control extreme weather and climate chozone formation which accelerates jet streams and elongates Rossby wave loops, and wandering magnetic poles which control extreme weather and climate change.

This increased water vapor appears to be participating in the generation of PSCs which also affect the ztratospheric ozone layer with the introduction of denitritification (the formation of NAD and NAT) which reduces both the ozone content and reduces the removal of chlorine in the polar regions.

Ground - level ozone formation increases under the hot and stagnant conditions that are expected to increase in a warmer world.

Changes in chemistry effect the production of ozone and nitrogen compounds, the lifetime of CFCs, and probably cloud formation.

The ozone formation - destruction process in the stratosphere occurs rapidly and constantly, maintaining an ozone layer.

These three investigators have studied in detail the chemical processes leading to the formation and decomposition of ozone in the atmosphere.

Destruction of ozone in the stratosphere takes place as quickly as formation of ozone, because the chemical is so reactive.

It will not rise at all if the absorption is balanced by an equal amount of emission (as would occur if its emissivity would be increased from a change in its molecular composition — e.g. the formation of ozone from UV radiation or mixing a little CO2 within it).

There are for example biogenic factors reacting to changes in temperature that can not be ignored, affecting surface albedo, ozone levels and cloud formation.

Abstract: Aerosol optical property is essential to the tropospheric ozone formation mechanism while it was rarely measured in ozone - rich environment for a specific study.

Global warming is implicated in the loss of Arctic ozone because greenhouse gases trap energy lower down, heating up the atmosphere nearer the ground but cooling the stratosphere, creating conditions conducive to the formation of the reactive chemicals that break apart the three - oxygen molecules of ozone.

These then result in the formation of ozone.

Some of the climate relevant reactions occur in this region producing atomic oxygen and nitric oxide that later play a large role in ozone formation / control at lower levels.

Several authors including (Solomon, 1982) and a good overall reference HERE have shown that great quantities of NO are diffused down to the mesosphere and stratosphere where they have great influence in ozone formation (negative).

1) Positively: Clouds and cloud formation, mostly 2) Positively: Volcanic activities 3) Positively: more % Water vapor in the atmosphere, 4) Positively or negatively, but % more or less constant: Oxygen, trace gases: ozone, methane & CO2 mostly.

As seen in the above diagram different ranges of the UV spectrum are absorbed at different altitudes, the Lyman alpha range is particularly strong and produces large amounts of atomic oxygen down to 70 km that is used in the formation of ozone in the mesosphere.

Later in the article, Unger trots out Ronald Reagan's absurd statements about trees polluting and the importance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the formation of tropospheric ozone and methane.

They play a key role in the formation of clouds, fog, precipitation and ozone depletion in the atmosphere.

On the other hand, in addition to its direct radiative impact, methane has a large, indirect radiative effect because it contributes to ozone formation.

Emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and of reactive gases such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which lead to the formation of secondary pollutants including aerosol particles and tropospheric ozone, have increased substantially in response to human activities.

In an idealized three - dimensional numerical simulation of the Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere, doubling the CO2 concentration leads to the formation of an Arctic ozone hole comparable to that observed over Antarctica, with nearly 100 % local depletion of lower - stratospheric ozone.

Topics that I work on or plan to work in the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatin the future include studies of: + missing aerosol species and sources, such as the primary oceanic aerosols and their importance on the remote marine atmosphere, the in - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatin - cloud and aerosol water aqueous formation of organic aerosols that can lead to brown carbon formation, the primary terrestrial biological particles, and the organic nitrogen + missing aerosol parameterizations, such as the effect of aerosol mixing on cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol absorption, the semi-volatility of primary organic aerosols, the importance of in - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatin - canopy processes on natural terrestrial aerosol and aerosol precursor sources, and the mineral dust iron solubility and bioavailability + the change of aerosol burden and its spatiotemporal distribution, especially with regard to its role and importance on gas - phase chemistry via photolysis rates changes and heterogeneous reactions in the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatin the atmosphere, as well as their effect on key gas - phase species like ozone + the physical and optical properties of aerosols, which affect aerosol transport, lifetime, and light scattering and absorption, with the latter being very sensitive to the vertical distribution of absorbing aerosols + aerosol - cloud interactions, which include cloud activation, the aerosol indirect effect and the impact of clouds on aerosol removal + changes on climate and feedbacks related with all these topics In order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatIn order to understand the climate system as a whole, improve the aerosol representation in the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatin the GISS ModelE2 and contribute to future IPCC climate change assessments and CMIP activities, I am also interested in understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatin understanding the importance of natural and anthropogenic aerosol changes in the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climatin the atmosphere on the terrestrial biosphere, the ocean and climate.