Not exact matches
Beyond their immediate effects, VOCs react with other
molecules in the air, such as oxygen and nitrogen oxides, to generate
ozone as well as fine particulate matter.
This is important, as a
molecule of
ozone lost
in this region has a far larger impact on climate than a
molecule destroyed at higher altitudes by longer - lived gases.»
Franck Montmessin of the LATMOS atmospheric research centre
in France says
ozone forms when sunlight breaks up carbon dioxide
molecules on the planet's daylight side.
Steve: Hydrogen is H2 but once you start with CO2 or CH4 with methane or H2O and water vapor or O3
in ozone, the fact that you have three atoms
in your
molecule gives you a much wider variety of vibrational modes to...
The trick is that the bromine and chlorine atoms
in the halon
molecule — the very ones that are so damaging to the stratospheric
ozone — are also incredibly aggressive scavengers of hydrogen atoms, which are key to maintaining a combustion chain reaction.
By separating out the starlight from the planet light, we can identify
molecules in the planet's atmosphere and look for gases produced by life, like oxygen,
ozone and ammonia.
Organofluorine
molecules are also used
in liquid crystals for displays, as well as
ozone - friendly refrigerants and propellants.
Besides establishing the chlorine -
ozone link, UARS was the first satellite to collect comprehensive long - term data on the way
molecules move and interact
in the atmosphere.
In the presence of sunlight, oxygen molecules in the atmosphere react to form ozon
In the presence of sunlight, oxygen
molecules in the atmosphere react to form ozon
in the atmosphere react to form
ozone.
The explanation is strictly chemical: The oils covering our bodies contain double - bonded
molecules, including triglycerides, fatty acids, and a substance called squalene, that latch onto the
ozone (O3), neutralizing it before we breathe it
in.
They propose that cosmic rays contribute to
ozone depletion through their interactions with human - made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
in the atmosphere: electrons created by cosmic rays break down CFC
molecules, leading to the production of chorine atoms, which
in turn break down
ozone.
Among biogenic volatile organic
molecules is a class of compounds called monoterpenes, which react with
ozone, hydroxyl radicals, nitrogen oxides, and other gases
in the atmosphere.
Some of these recombine into nitric oxide, and this
in turn reacts with other atmospheric chemicals, occasionally producing a
molecule made up of three oxygen atoms —
ozone, or O3.
In this case, they form naturally as
ozone — a high - energy oxygen
molecule — reacts with carbon chains that have double bonds, forming a compound that has two reactive pairs of electrons.
Another
molecule, beta - myrcene, which travels more than 3,000 feet
in an
ozone - free, windy environment, traveled an average of 1,500 feet when
ozone was 60 parts per billion and, when
ozone rose to 120 parts per billion, most traveled fewer than 1,000 feet.
The scent
molecule alpha - pinene, which survives nearly 40 hours
in an
ozone - free environment, survived fewer than 10 hours when
ozone rose to 60 parts per billion and only 1 hour when
ozone was at 120 parts per billion.
Earth's
ozone layer, 10 kilometres above the surface, is produced when light from the Sun interacts with
molecules of oxygen
in our atmosphere, and it produces an unmistakable signal that could be detected by JWST.
«When
ozone reacts with carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere, it transfers its isotopic weirdness to the new
molecule,» said Shaheen, who investigated this process of oxygen isotope exchange as a graduate student at the University of Heidelberg
in Germany.
Holes
in the
ozone can be directly attributed to coronal mass ejections that blast away these holes and excite the
molecules in our upper atmosphere such that they rise and escape into space.
The aeronomic goal is to study certain
molecules that are found
in Earth's atmosphere — such as water, chlorine compounds and
ozone — which can help us better understand the processes that cause thinning of the
ozone layer.
In 1986, Solomon showed that the
ozone was being destroyed by the presence of
molecules that contain chlorine and bromine, which come from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Methods:
In this new approach, the team began with an atmospheric aerosol sample that contains thousands of molecules formed in the reactions of ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange tree
In this new approach, the team began with an atmospheric aerosol sample that contains thousands of
molecules formed
in the reactions of ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange tree
in the reactions of
ozone, a common atmospheric oxidant, with limonene, a
molecule emitted by various types of trees, which is responsible for the citrus scent found walking among the orange trees.
The presence of
ozone helps to explain the detection of hydroxyl (an unstable
molecule of oxygen with a single atom of hydrogen) high
in planet's atmosphere
in 2008 (ESA news releases on
ozone, sulfur dioxide, and hydroxyl; Lisa Grossman, New Scientist, October 6, 2011; and Montmessin et al, 2011).
Ozone is created naturally when regular oxygen
molecules, O2, come
in contact with ultraviolet rays emitted from the sun.
The higher energy ultraviolet photons, which can be absorbed by O2
molecules in the stratosphere, break that oxygen - oxygen bond and the freed oxygen can combine with O2 to make
ozone (O3).
Also, the overall number of
ozone molecules destroyed
in a vertical column of air was pretty much the same as the number of
molecules transported into this column by the average poleward and downward transport of air
in the stratosphere.
Industry balked at the aggressive schedule to fully eliminate manufacture of the
molecules blamed for eating away the
ozone layer shielding inhabitants of our planet, especially
in the southern hemisphere, from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from our Sun.
Changes
in ozone layer concern mainly the stratosphere and I used to think there are very few
molecules (even atoms,
in fact) upward.
So there was alarm
in the 1970s when researchers first warned that extremely stable man - made compounds such as CFCs, used
in refrigerants and aerosols, were floating up into the stratosphere, where they released chlorine and bromine atoms that break down
ozone molecules.
Figure 2: Total column
ozone loss relative to pre-
ozone hole conditions
in the 1970s
in percent (left) and total number of
molecules (right)(1 DU = 2.69
molecules / cm2) averaged over 2010 - 2019, during September for the Southern Hemisphere and March for the Northern Hemisphere.
Once water vapor gets into the normally dry stratosphere, it can
in theory interact with manmade chlorine compounds known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFC's, to destroy
ozone molecules.
The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the
Ozone Layer, which has resulted in the phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a group of industrial compounds that react with and disassociate ozone molecules, is a collective adaptive response by humans to a perceived and predicted threat to life from stratospheric ozone deple
Ozone Layer, which has resulted
in the phasing out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a group of industrial compounds that react with and disassociate
ozone molecules, is a collective adaptive response by humans to a perceived and predicted threat to life from stratospheric ozone deple
ozone molecules, is a collective adaptive response by humans to a perceived and predicted threat to life from stratospheric
ozone deple
ozone depletion.
That mean a policy enacted 22 years ago called the Montreal Protocol is working: The 1989 ban on the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)-- toxic chemicals used
in air conditioners and solvents that eat away at
ozone molecules — has helped the Earth to regain some of its lost protective
ozone.
As many of you will know, and perhaps recall from living memory, alarm bells started ringing when pioneering research by a group of brilliant chemists (Frank Sherwood Rowland, Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen, who were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry
in 1995) showed that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a family of chemicals used
in many everyday applications such as refrigeration, air conditioning and aerosols, were destroying the
ozone molecules which make up the protective layer shielding Earth from the sun's harmful rays.
CFCs are incredibly stable
molecules that must travel high into the stratosphere before breaking down, so though the phasing out of CFCs is working, the impact of the Montreal Protocol won't be noticeable
in the
ozone layer until about 2025, Kramarova said.
Lovelock was also one of the first people to discover a link between CFCs and the depletion
in the
ozone layer through the invention of the electron capture detector, a device that detects atoms and
molecules in gas.
Global warming is implicated
in the loss of Arctic
ozone because greenhouse gases trap energy lower down, heating up the atmosphere nearer the ground but cooling the stratosphere, creating conditions conducive to the formation of the reactive chemicals that break apart the three - oxygen
molecules of
ozone.
There was one WUWT thread which discussed the organic
molecules plankton puts into the air, and how they can reach the upper atmosphere, and, (because they included elements ending
in «ine,» such as Bromine, Fluorine, Chlorine, and Iodine,) alter the amount of
Ozone, which
in turn effected the types and powers of sunlight.
The final step, as yet far from completion, is to measure the actual temperature and concentration of each
molecule at each point
in the atmosphere — including methane,
ozone, aerosols and much more.
Ozone is one of the criteria air pollutants and is a form of oxygen, the
molecule contains three oxygen atoms and has the same chemical structure whether it is found high
in the atmosphere or at ground - level.
However, my main point was not so much about the «make up» of
ozone but more about the possibility that as long as oxygen atoms and
molecules absorb enough energy from UV radiation to alter their structure it may be that they also produce an increase
in their heat content, which should be greater at any points nearest to the source — i.e..
Ozone, the miracle molecule The miracle molecule, ozone, can be made in your own home now thanks to an award winning appliance, the Lotus Sanitizing System from Ter
Ozone, the miracle
molecule The miracle
molecule,
ozone, can be made in your own home now thanks to an award winning appliance, the Lotus Sanitizing System from Ter
ozone, can be made
in your own home now thanks to an award winning appliance, the Lotus Sanitizing System from Tersano.
Although the identity of the
ozone is not disclosed,
ozone and hydrogen peroxide typically earn recognition as environmentally friendly chemistry, because both
ozone and peroxide decay quickly to harmless compounds, leaving no chlorine nor complex
molecules that retain their biocidal toxicity for long periods
in the environment because they can not be broken down quickly.
The caveat is that these
molecules can weakly absorb sunlight
in the near IR and visible on combination and overtone bands, mostly of water vapor, and on weakly absorbing forbidden transitions such as the Chappius bands of
ozone, and for very low concentrations of dimers.
Changes
in stratospheric temperatures, induced by changes
in ozone or LLGHG concentration, alter the Brewer - Dobson circulation (Butchart and Scaife, 2001; Butchart et al., 2006), controlling the rate at which long - lived
molecules, such as LLGHGs, CFCs, HCFCs and halogens are transported from the troposphere to various levels
in the stratosphere.
Water vapor breaks down
in the stratosphere, releasing reactive hydrogen oxide
molecules that destroy
ozone.
Alarm was raised
in the 1970s about the state of this protective layer when scientists such as Mario Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland discovered that chemicals, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were destroying
ozone molecules (Chasek et al 164)(Mossos 1).