We will bear in mind that the importance of the observed value of the I ² statistic depends firstly, on magnitude and direction of effects and secondly, strength of evidence for heterogeneity (e.g.
P value from the Chi ² test or a confidence interval for I ²).
For central saccades (C),
the p values from left to right are: 5.5e - 13; 0.0164, 0.0001, 0, 0, 0.0001, 0.0001, 0, 0, 0.0502, 0, 0.497, 0.0012, 0.0827, 0.958, 0.0126, 0.0004; 0.0163.
The P values from this truncated data analysis were virtually identical to the analysis of ranks, so the results are reported from the truncated analysis.
Not exact matches
In order to quantify the anomalous nature of the test result, we calculate the probability (a
p -
value)
from an exponential distribution fit to the mini flash crashes during Control Period 2 (that is, the distribution of mini flash crashes in all three - minute windows shown in Fig 3, fit to an exponential distribution).
It is also clear that the test result is an outlier relative to all 9:30 — 9:33 windows, even though there are not enough observations to fit to a distribution
from which a
p -
value could be calculated.
It's true - if you run that research
from 1965 to the present, the «predicted»
value of the S&
P 500
P / E, based on current inflation and interest rates, is indeed about 22.
If we deduct this
from Reply's 140 mn market cap and Reply's profit, we can see that Reply's business ex Syskoplan is actually
valued at a
P / E below 5.
Something kept the drop in
P / E10
values that began in September 2008
from resolving itself.
From Investopedia, «The price - earnings ratio (
P / E Ratio) is the ratio for
valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its per - share earnings.»
Graham & Dodd advise a number of strategies to find
value stocks, ranging
from qualitative factors like identifying industry trends and a company's management team to quantitative factors like book
value,
P / E ratio, and sales - to - price.
At current levels of rates and risk premiums, a mere 1 % increase in the discount rate (
from 4.7 % to 5.7 %) would shave nearly 4
P / E points off the stock market's fair
value on a trailing earnings basis.
Jesus Christ, this poor guy is going to jail for you people, for your sins, to preserve, to save our Christian
values, to clean the world of these Islamoids, to reject all other rot morals
from the liberal
pest (see the new NY f..
The concentrations of A, B,
P, and Q are held at constant
values throughout the system for a single experiment, but these
values can be varied
from one experiment to another.
When studies were stratified by mean age, studies with a lower mean age (≤ 55 y) suggested a borderline inverse association (RR: 0.94; 95 % CI: 0.89, 1.01), with the I2
value decreasing
from 72 % to 38 % (
P = 0.2).
With this kind of review process, if 20 studies of the effectiveness of a truly ineffective drug are conducted, and one of them shows a significant effect with a
p -
value of 0.05 because of chance alone, investigators for the other 19 studies not showing any effect would presumably not be inhibited
from writing up and submitting reports of these for publication out of fear that they'll be denied publication because of their nonsignificant results.
In the current issue of Science (vol 269,
p 822) Asish Basu of the University of Rochester, Robert Poreda, and colleagues
from the US and Russia report that the ratio of helium - 3 to helium - 4 in Siberian rocks is up to 12.7 times the atmospheric
value.
How can we get some real scientific
value from an Olympics governed by rules restricting testosterone levels, surgical improvements and performance - enhancing drugs (11 August,
p 4)?
In reifying evolution as a force or power that is separate
from and even inimical to human beings and their
values, Julian Savulescu and Anders Sandberg are talking as much nonsense as any fundamentalist theist who believes God created us as sinners and we must struggle to be good (12 May,
p 28).
The journal Basic and Applied Social Psychology recently banned the use of
p -
values and other statistical methods to quantify uncertainty
from significance in research results
At Stanford, Ioannidis» team found that among all the millions of biomedical abstracts in the databases, the reporting of
p -
values more than doubled
from 7.3 percent in 1990 to 15.6 percent in 2014.
But if patients on the drug were only 1 percent better, the statistical significance derived
from the
p -
value would likely have no practical
value.
A review of
p -
values in the biomedical literature
from 1990 to 2015 shows that these widely misunderstood statistics are being used increasingly, instead of better metrics of effect size or uncertainty.
In abstracts
from core medical journals, 33 percent reported
p -
values, and in the subset of randomized controlled clinical trials, nearly 55 percent reported
p -
values.
Mathematicians have long known that the sequence of numbers made by the
p (n)'s for all
values of n is far
from being random.
Wilcoxon rank - sum test was used to calculate the
P value for ex vivo bioluminescence
from brain and expression level of miR - 7 and KLF4 in human specimens.
Values are means ± SEM (a, different
from 0 min
P < 0.01; b, different
from 30 min
P < 0.01; c, different
from 45 min
P < 0.01; d, different
from 60 min
P < 0.01; Tukey - Kramer's test).
All biological processes that were analyzed
from total and unique genes were found with high significance of FDR
p -
value < 0.05, except of «connective tissue development» cluster within the biological process cartilage and bone biogenesis, with FDR
p -
value of 0.068.
From this test, we obtain the r -
value and
p -
value.
J: Significantly enriched KEGG pathways (FDR - adjusted
P values < 0.05) of genes that exhibit differential methylation in adipose tissue
from 28 diabetic vs. 28 nondiabetic unrelated subjects.
The distribution of the significant sites compared with the distribution of all analyzed sites on the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip is significantly different (
P values)
from what is expected by chance based on χ2 tests (Pchi2).
* Significantly different
from 0;
P value was calculated using one - way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test.
If these were not presented, we followed methods described by Parmar to extract them
from Kaplan - Meier curves,
P values, or percentage survival (for example, five year survival).13 We contacted authors if data were not presented in a useable form.
Additionally, the average FST
values among SNPs contained within 100 kb non-overlapping windows derived independently
from each datasets were highly significantly correlated (R = 0.5;
P < 1.0 × 10 − 16; data not shown).
Sample sizes were the minimum group size, the effect size was 0.25 (Cohen, 1988), and the
p values calculated
from the ANOVA or χ2 tests were used to determine post hoc power
values.
P -
values from Kolmogorov - Smirnov tests for pairwise platform comparisons of GC bias for patient sample MB24 are listed in Table 2.
P -
values are
from ANOVA followed by Dunnett's post hoc test with litter as the statistical unit and included as a random factor in a mixed model.
P -
values from regression models were derived
from the Wald test, and no adjustments were made for multiple comparisons.
Incorporation of data
from BP genome ‐ wide association studies (GWAS) revealed four BP coexpression network modules (coEMs) that are enriched with eSNPs that demonstrate low
P ‐
values in BP GWAS.
Additional file 10: Supplementary Table 10 — Fold - changes and
p -
values from quantitative RT - PCR analysis.
P values are
from the multiple linear regression models for the relation between dietary magnesium intake (per 100 mg / d increase) and log - transformed biomarkers.
* Significantly different
from the fasting control
value,
P < 0.03 (Student's t test for paired variates).
The same effect was observed, to a greater extent, after the HGI - Lac breakfast, which
from the 6th hour resulted in H2
values significantly higher than those of both the HGI and LGI breakfasts (both:
P < 0.001 for each time).
Sensitivity analyses excluding extreme
values of sugar intake and excluding person - observations with self - reported doctor diagnosis at baseline attenuated the association of sugar intake
from sweet food / beverages and recurrent depression slightly (before
P for tertile trend 0.003 after 0.022 and 0.010, respectively).
Because the observed association between percentage of calories
from added sugar and CVD mortality appeared to be nonlinear (
P <.05 for linearity), we used the Box - Cox transformation, with λ = 2.5 when estimating the usual percentage of calories
from added sugar using the NCI method.35 To present the results, we calculated the 10th, 30th, 50th, 70th, and 90th percentiles» distribution of the estimated added sugar intake as the middle
value of each quintile.
Values are mean ± SEM, latencies
from low group differ
from those of adequate (
P = 0.054) and high (
P < 0.05) groups.
Average score: 80.6 Total
value: $ 73.58 Skinny: Limbo, and a Stealth 2 that reviewed far better on Vita than consoles, helped August to the best critical month on offer
from PS Plus.
I believe deeply that arts education is of great
value in and of itself, not only instrumentally; I believe just as emphatically that education in the arts is the business of all of us,
from the home and the family to the neighborhood and the village,
from the
P - 12 school system to higher education to lifelong learning, culminating in the great and defining legacy of our public culture.
In order for us to conclude that school choice achievement results reliably predict subsequent attainment results the
P -
Value from the X2 test needs to be below.05 and the Gamma needs to be positive.
Customers can choose between the new 1.4 T - GDI turbocharged four cylinder engine — a Hyundai first — with 140
PS, the 1.0 T - GDI turbocharged three cylinder engine with 120
PS or the 1.4 MPI four cylinder with 100
PS and one diesel engine: the 1.6 - litre turbocharged four - cylinder diesel engine, available with three power outputs: 95, 110 and 136
PS and CO2emissions starting
from as low as 89g CO2 / km (target
value).
However, the
P / B ratio had average excess returns of -3.84 %
from 2001 to 2011 versus -3.62 % for the price to tangible book
value ratio.