Sentences with phrase «pacininan afferents»

Since we all express our emotions nonverbally, copying those expressions affects our own emotions due to an «afferent feedback mechanism.»

To quote the researchers: «Thus, modification of this PIP2 regulatory domain by genetic, biochemical, or pharmacological mechanisms may have profound effects on sensitivity of primary afferent nerve fibers to chemical and thermal stimuli under normal or pathological conditions.»

During a TT, pacing strategy is regulated in a complex anticipatory system that monitors afferent feedback from various physiological systems, and then regulates the work rate so that potentially limiting changes do not occur before the endpoint of exercise is reached.

In contrast, if the initial work rate and RPE are the result of afferent feedback, then differences in work rate would be expected at the onset of exercise, as soon as differences between conditions are detected.

Another limitation concerns the measurement of the physiological afferents that are proposed to regulate work rate through this feedback system.

During exercise, afferent feedback from numerous physiological systems is responsible for the generation of the conscious RPE, which is continuously matched with the subconscious template by means of adjustments in power output.

As there was no experimental intervention other than the provision of incorrect distance information, the interpretation of the afferent feedback may have played less of a role.

We subsequently develop a model to explain how this regulatory system might utilise the subjective rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as a means of integrating afferent information and a variety of other cues in order to achieve these objectives during exercise.

It was speculated that the exercising athlete did not take the incorrect distance information into account, but based their pacing strategy on previous experience, the initial knowledge of exercise duration and on physiological afferent inputs throughout the exercise bout (D in fig 2).

The C - afferent nerve is centrally and ventrally located from your collarbone to your sternum in all humans.

Increased plasma levels of oxytocin in response to afferent electrical stimulation of the sciatic and vagal nerves and in response to touch and pinch in anaesthetized rats.

Holding your baby this way stimulates the C - afferent nerve, which produces a hormonal cascade, and — when practiced for an uninterrupted 60 minutes — delivers incredible physiological and psychological benefits for both mom and baby.

Anything between you and the baby — even a bra — disturbs the C - afferent nerve stimulation.

Full chest - to - chest contact between you and baby is the only thing required to stimulate the c - afferent nerves.

This new company was established to handle the Rosia Montana project and manage its afferent patrimony — consisting of the company's package of shares in the mining project and the liabilities resulting from loans it has taken in order to participate in the project.

The blood arrives at the kidney via the renal artery, which splits into many afferent arterioles.

Natriuretic polypeptide b is the primary neurotransmitter in TRPV1 - expressing, itch - sensitive afferent nerve fibers.

However, while the maps for visual space and eye input were thought to originate from the segregation of thalamic afferents in visual cortex, the origin of the other maps remained unclear.

The work of Kremkow and colleagues indicates that the organization of all maps originates from the same principle: an arrangement of thalamic afferents that minimizes differences in spatial position, eye input and light / dark polarity among neighboring cortical neurons.

Afferent Pharmaceuticals today announced publication of results from a Phase 2 clinical trial demonstrating that the company's novel drug candidate, AF - 219, reduced daytime cough frequency by 75 % compared to placebo in patients with treatment - refractory chronic cough.

Kathleen Sereda Glaub, Afferent's chief executive officer, stated, «The remarkable findings in cough, as published in The Lancet, provide the first evidence that AF - 219 may be able to reduce chronic coughing in patients whose nerve fibers have been hyper - sensitized.

These results support Afferent's current development strategy to initiate a Phase 2b clinical trial early in 2015.

While the device was not a commercial success, people were able to use it to detect letter shapes and read, although experiments showed that it activated RA and PC afferents, not the supposedly shape - detecting SA1s.

The vagus nerve is composed of two kinds of fibers: 10 - 20 % of fibers are «efferents» whereas the remaining 80 - 90 % are «afferents.»

Two types of nerves transmit signals between the body and the brain: efferent nerves, which relay signals from the brain to the body, and afferent nerves, which send signals from the body to the brain.

While the coarse textures produced the familiar SA1 response, the SA1 afferents did not fire at all for the majority of the finer textures.

Interestingly, a previous study by the research group with a different type of hypertensive rat found that that ablating the other nerves, the afferent ones, lowered blood pressure.

Until now, rapidly adapting afferents were primarily thought to play a role in detecting when an object was slipping from a grasp.

Three different types of afferents convey information about touch to the brain: slowly adapting type 1 (SA1), rapidly adapting (RA) and Pacinian (PC).

However, in experiments in which subjects moved a finger across sandpaper — the quintessential example of the type of textures we encounter in the real world — SA1 afferents did not respond at all.

Some types of afferents are better than others at detecting texture or shape, for example, but all of them respond in their own way and contribute to the overall sensation.

«Any time you touch an object, all of these afferents are active together,» Bensmaia said.

«If you relied on SA1 afferents alone for texture perception, you would not be able to discriminate most textures.

The majority of studies investigating the neural basis of texture perception have used coarse materials, such as gratings and Braille patterns, which activate a set of receptors in the skin called slowly adapting type 1 (SA1) afferents.

«To get a good picture of how stimulus information is being conveyed in these afferent populations, you have to look at a diverse set of stimuli that spans the range of what you might feel in everyday tactile experience,» he said.

In contrast, afferent fibers relay sensory input from the gut to the brain.

Such experiments showed that SA1 afferents responded very strongly to this artificial stimulus, and RA and PC afferents did not, thus the association of SA1s with texture.

The research team used a technique they developed to block afferent nerves only.

«What we've shown here is that all three sets of afferents contribute to texture perception,» Bensmaia said.

Instead of thinking of individual groups of afferents working separately to process different components of the sense of touch, Bensmaia said we should think of all of them working in concert, much like individual musicians in a band to create its overall sound.

In the present study, we have investigated the role of 5 - HT in the communication between taste receptor cells and afferent nerve fibers.

Therefore, 5 - HT signaling to afferent nerve fibers could participate in the transmission of sour or some components of salty taste by type III cells.

All taste fibers express ionotropic purinergic (P2X) receptors (Bo et al., 1999; Ishida et al., 2009) that are required for transmission from taste receptor cells to the afferent nerves; genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of the P2X2 and P2X3 receptors expressed by the gustatory nerve fibers eliminates chorda tympani nerve responses to all taste stimuli (Finger et al., 2005; Ohkuri et al., 2012; Jaber et al., 2014; Vandenbeuch et al., 2015).

These data suggest that one or more other transmitters may play a role in afferent signaling.

If a significant stimulation of 5 - HT3 expressing afferents occurs with sweet tastant stimulation, then one would expect sweet - tasting stimuli to evoke indirect side band excitation of sour - best afferent fibers.

We investigated whether gustatory afferents express functional 5 - HT3 receptors and, if so, whether these receptors play a role in transmission of taste information from taste buds to nerves.

We therefore hypothesized that theta - burst microstimulation, targeted to brain regions containing afferent fibers to the hippocampus, would improve episodic memory performance in humans.

Other optogenetic studies highlight the advantage of afferent stimulation to target downstream neuronal assemblies compared to direct stimulation of gray matter (Gradinaru et al., 2009; Rajasethupathy et al., 2016).

The 5 - HT released by type III cells could also activate 5 - HT3 receptors on afferent nerve fibers.

To first determine whether gustatory afferents express GFP in 5 - HT3AGFP mice, we examined the geniculate ganglion and taste buds.