Parental status effects are not modified by age, marital status, and education.
Not exact matches
The MVD protocol voluntarily in use by UK CKCS breeders however, advises not breeding from an individual if the parent is affected at less than five years of age, and it remains to be seen whether restricting breeding based on the disease
status of the
parental generation will have a positive
effect in reducing the prevalence of MMVD in the UK CKCS population.
A handful of child outcome studies have attempted to distinguish the
effect of family income from the
effects of other aspects of family life, such as
parental education, that may differ between poor and non-poor families.2 - 3, 8, 11 - 13 Overall, statistical controls for correlated aspects of family socioeconomic
status produce either very small or no significant net associations between family income and children's behavioural problems.
NFP showed a favorable
effect on the number of child behavioral /
parental coping problems in the physician's record35 but an unfavorable / ambiguous
effect on the child's resistance to eating.49 HFA did not show any
effects on health outcomes such as whether the child was anxious or withdrawn, 50 and EHS did not show an
effect on 2 outcomes: child's health
status and percentage of parents reporting children with fair or poor health.51, 52 Outcomes on health behaviors or other health outcomes were not reported in the research on the remaining programs.
In addition, many of the early intervention programs that have been shown to have positive treatment
effects are resource intensive and target high - risk families, on the basis of socioeconomic
status, childhood disabilities,
parental substance use, or child maltreatment.1
Similar to the significant interaction
effect of communication about a non-smoking agreement with
parental smoking
status at T2, longitudinally, communication on this topic by smoking fathers predicted reduced chances of smoking uptake (OR = 0.50, 95 % CI = 0.26 — 1.00, P < 0.05).
The
effects of parenting hardly varied by
parental smoking
status or adolescent gender.
Confirming Hypothesis 4, the indirect
effect of collectivism on parent - child discrepancy in preferences for mates with
status - resources through
parental influence was significant [b = -3.12 (CI: -4.87, -1.64)-RSB-, but the indirect
effect through family allocentrism was not (see Fig. 6).
In addition, we included an
effect - coded variable reflecting relationship
status (1 = married, -1 = not married) and interactions of this variable with cultural group,
parental involvement, and family allocentrism.
Our GUS finding for family socio - economic disadvantage (as indicated here by lower
parental education) ties in with the negative
effect of low family socio - economic
status on the quality of both mothers» and fathers» relations with three year - old children in another large birth cohort, the UK Millennium Cohort Study (Malmberg & Flouri, 2011).
Unlike the model of poor father - child relationship, there were no independent
effects of
parental marital
status, presence of a non-biological father figure or adverse family events on the likelihood of a poor mother - child relationship.
This study uses longitudinal population - based samples of young siblings to examine the
effects of two hypothesized moderators of early externalizing behaviors:
parental emotional support and family socioeconomic
status.
The data sets were then combined and regrouped by neurological
status to examine its
effect on the intelligence -
parental depression — adaptive behavior relationship.
The inter-rater reliability appeared to be substantial to perfect with Kappas ranging from 0.78 (94 % agreement) for
parental control to 1.00 for publication
status and gender of the child (both 100 % agreement) and intraclass correlations ranging from 0.95 (70 % agreement) for the
effect size (value) to 1.00 for age at delinquency measurement (79 % agreement), age at attachment measurement (85 % agreement), ethnicity (91 % agreement), and percentage of females (97 % agreement).
After partialing out the
effects of age at early intervention and NAR
status, intelligence and
parental depression explained 63 % and 28 %, respectively, in their
effects on adaptive behavior in deaf children.
In the final step the interaction terms were entered and this revealed two significant interaction
effects: between 1) Hearing
Status and Parents» Expectations, and 2) Hearing
Status and
Parental Sensitivity PR.
Neighborhood socioeconomic
status effects on adolescent alcohol outcomes using growth models: Exploring the role of
parental alcoholism
However, with the exception of sibling gender, this line of research has shown few consistent
effects of structural factors such as marital or
parental status, educational attainment, or age.
Parental status has a net
effect on cognitive well - being among women, as childless women report significantly lower life satisfaction and self - esteem than both mothers with residential children and empty nest mothers.
We examined the
effects of several child and
parental characteristics: age, gender, weight
status,
parental foreign background and
parental education level.
Significant indirect, cascading
effects on age 6 ODD symptom levels were noted for age 4 socioeconomic
status via age 5 conflict and scaffolding skills; age 4
parental depression via age 5 child NA; age 4
parental hostility and support via age 5 EC; age 4 support via age 5 EC; and age 4 attachment via age 5 EC.
The
effects of
parental socioeconomic
status, religion,
parental divorce, and having children have not changed over marriage cohorts.