Peak load plants which can cope with short term variation and respond in minutes.
Not exact matches
When energy use approaches
peak loads (where the less efficient power
plants come online), they start taking action.
(note there is some energy demand management that is is / has been already used to reduce the need for
peak power supply; I don't know offhand how much there is and what it would look like if this were simply reshifted to reduce the need for backup power supply, which would be like
peaking and
load - following
plants now.
In June I heard a report about a new EU - wide study done in the UK that showed clearly that by combining all forms of renewables: wind all over Europe, solar in North Africa, hydo, hydro storage, solar thermal, and demand management, you could meet a slowly growing EU
load with almost no natural gas for
peaking plants to help level the
load.
In the two years since the nuclear moratorium, the nation has urgently needed new baseload power
plants to shoulder the country's annual
peak load of 80 GW.
This is particularly relevant for power systems where the
peak load is expected to increase at the same time as conventional power
plants to be replaced by intermittent renewable power generation.
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) can be a night - only dispatchable (D - CSP)
plant; with its entire solar energy absorbed by day to be delivered after dark to cover the evening
peak load on the grid, according to a study funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE).
The call for tenders specifies the total amount of capacity required, the time lines for capacity establishment, the fuel options as defined in the Government's power
plant establishment plan, the type of
plant (base
load,
load following,
peaking capacity), possible transmission constraints that have to be taken into account, and in certain cases a price cap, i.e. maximum average price that the new
plant can be expected to earn throughout its economic life.
Adding wind and solar photovoltaic capacity to the grid may require augmenting the amount of
peak -
load plants, which can be done relatively cheaply by adding gas turbines, which can be fueled by sustainably - produced biofuels or natural gas.
If an Electric Utility built a nuclear power
plant to meet this
peaking load, the capacity factor of the nuclear
plant would be very low (25 %).
In the new system, rather than having «always - on» baseload (e.g. nuclear)
plants, and then following any extra
load with
peaking plants (usually gas), in the new system, variable
loads and variable supply (from renewables) are balanced via a smart grid with demand - side measures,
load peak shaving / delay, energy storage, and backup sources.
Wind power and solar energy, because of their intermittency and unpredictability, require back - up generation, especially during
peak -
load capacity, and that has generally entailed the construction of natural - gas
plants.
Then there's «intermediate
load,» with the next - cheapest tier of power
plants, and at the top of that second hump, «
peak load,» satisfied by (usually natural gas) «
peaker plants» that are expensive to run but easy to ramp up and down quickly.
Previously, solar power
plants had depended on back up energy
plants powered by carbon emitting fuels because a solar system's
peak generation hours do not coincide with the utility's
peak load hours after 5 p.m. Low sunlight meant low energy generation, and this challenge scaled back the environmental benefits of solar
plants.
The duck curve shows a major drop in electric
load in midday when solar hits its
peak, swamping the grid at a period of low demand and potentially pushing net
load below the point where older baseload
plants can ramp down to compensate.
Owing to their lower capital costs but higher fuel costs, natural gas technologies, including combined - cycle and turbine
plants, were designed to meet intermediate and
peak electrical
load.
That means all the
peaker plants get shut down, all the intermediate
plants get shut down, and some of the base
load plants start to get ramped down too.
If electricity was dynamically priced, price fluctuations would be arbitraged by those market participants who could shift their demand or supply at least cost; among other things, this would remove the need for expensive
peak -
load plants and make solar and wind energy much more practical.
Coal
plants operating between their
peak and minimum values can provide
load following capability to the system.
While the need for nuclear power is absolutely critical in meeting our base
load requirements (and reducing CO2 emissions, and reducing fuel risk by having a diversified generation portfolio of power
plants)--
peaking load and generation options to meet this
load (which solar currently fits into) is important also.
Pumped - storage hydroelectric
plant: A
plant that usually generates electric energy during
peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off -
peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do so.
Peak load month: The month of greatest
plant electrical generation during the winter heating season (Oct - Mar) and summer cooling season (Apr - Sept), respectively.
To follow the variable demand the power producers use a variety of «building blocks» from steady running constant
load units (Nuclear, Hydroelectric) to slow
load - following power
plants (Gas & Coal boilers) to rapid start high demand units (Combined Cycle Gas Units) to
peaking units (Gas & Diesel generators).
Worse, nuke
plants require water for cooling and would be shutdown in summer drought just when the AC
load peaks.
SB 338 requires the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and all other locally owned utilities to start planning to meet their net -
load peak energy and reliability needs with alternatives to fossil - fuel generating
plants, while also providing the electricity at the lowest cost to consumers.