The forelimbs of tetrapod evolved from
the pectoral fins of the ancestral fish.
To determine whether shifts in the balance of anterior and posterior field occurred during fin - to - limb evolution, Onimaru, postdoctoral researcher currently at Sharpe's lab (CRG), and his colleagues carefully compared the expression, function and regulation of genes involved in anterior - posterior patterning in
pectoral fins of catsharks, with those of mice.
They compared the forces experienced by
the pectoral fins of the mudskipper fishes to the forelimbs and hind limbs of walking tiger salamanders.
Nerves in
the pectoral fins of fish detect the fin rays» position and how much they bend as they move through the water, which helps the fish sense speed and the relative position of their fins.
With this history of fin evolution in place, the researchers also tested the mechanical properties and sensory system sensitivity in
the pectoral fins of four pairs of closely related Labrid species, one with low AR fins and one with independently evolved high AR fins.
Not exact matches
Often called living fossils, these eel - like misfits have lungs and fleshy
pectoral fins, bony plates and thick scales reminiscent
of ancient fossil fish, and flag - like
fins along their back that are unique.
The
fins that were eventually installed on the robot are a pair
of flexible
pectoral fins made using PVC sheets.
It is actually a modification
of the fish's
pectoral and pelvic
fins.
While it is small enough to, yes, fit in your pocket, it's dubbed «pocket» because
of the distinctive orifice behind its
pectoral fin — one
of many physiological features scientists hope to better understand.
Biologists studying fossils in the 19th century thought that coelacanths, with their fleshy ventral and
pectoral fins, were likely to have been the first fish to crawl out
of the sea.
Another dozen closely related species
of eel are found in the lake, but only in these two are the
pectoral fins shrivelled or missing altogether.
Its
pectoral fins, directly behind its head on either side, are enormous and resemble the wings
of a butterfly.
«As
pectoral fins evolve different shapes, behaviors, and mechanical properties, we've shown that the sensory system is also evolving with them,» said Brett Aiello, a PhD student in the Department
of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, and the lead author
of the study.
Backlit egg case
of a little skate embryo (Leucoraja erinacea), showing emerging
pectoral and pelvic
fins, external gills, and a large yolk.
The results showed that that mudskippers»
pectoral fins experience more medial forces than the limbs
of salamanders, and that the forelimbs could have a played a similar weight - bearing role as the hind limbs.
«We discovered that male zebrafish have a very important set
of structures on their
pectoral fins that they use for breeding and that these structures secrete a potent molecular inhibitor
of a key signaling pathway to aid their cycles
of regular replacement,» explains senior author Kenneth Poss
of Duke University Medical Center.
When the researchers experimentally «posteriorised»
pectoral fin buds
of catsharks, the
fins lost anterior skeletal elements, and showed a single bone connected to the
pectoral girdle, as seen in fossil Tiktaalik
pectoral fins.
Led by first author Junsu Kang, the scientists identified anatomical structures that male fish use during mating that produce a signal that impedes regeneration
of the
pectoral fins after injury.
Humpback whales are a baleen whale and are renowned for their spectacular behaviour
of leaping out
of the water, rolling in the air with their huge
pectoral fins outstretched like wings, and crash noisily back into the water.
The whale pushes her away from the shark using its head, tucks her under its
pectoral fin, and even lifts her out
of the water.
Descending down past ledges
of pore corals your attention will soon be taken by the common lionfish, sometimes hidden under rock protusions, but often seen parading up and down the wall with their spectacular, barbed
pectoral fins raised in display.
The
pectoral fin tips extend to the origin
of the pelvic
fins.
Imagine the thrill
of a 50 foot, 40 ton whale as it launches itself out
of the water in striking fashion right before your eyes, then waves its
pectoral fins and slaps its tail.
Their distinctive body shape makes this particular type
of whale easy to identify thanks to long
pectoral fins, a knobby head and the mammal's unique water breaching style, but it's not usually found in Belize waters, so visitors were both taken aback by the sighting and thrilled.
Lastly a number
of dwarf lionfish — distinguishable by the fact that the
pectoral fin is a single filament, not separated as in the common lionfish.
Their
fins are also different from normal, with their
pectoral fins being small, circular, and yellow, and their tailfins being split into two lobes instead
of the usual three.
Fifteen years ago, in Baja, I watched fishermen unload huge (bigger than baths) tubs
of massive
fins (mostly dorsal and
pectoral fins), on a more recent trip, the
fins were not much bigger than my palm in a couple
of buckets.