This chart shows, on the top row, artist conceptions of the seven
planets of TRAPPIST - 1 with their orbital periods, d...
[Exoplanet Tour: Meet the 7 Earth - Size
Planets of TRAPPIST - 1]
This chart shows artistic concepts of the seven
planets of TRAPPIST - 1.
A size comparison of
the planets of the TRAPPIST - 1 system, lined up in order of increasing distance from their host star.
The seven
planets of TRAPPIST - 1 are all Earth - sized and terrestrial, according to research published in 2017 in the journal Nature.
This chart shows, on the top row, artist concepts of the seven
planets of TRAPPIST - 1 with their orbital periods, distances from their star, radii and masses as compared to those of Earth.
In the year since NASA announced the seven Earth - sized
planets of the TRAPPIST - 1 system, scientists have been working... read more
The planets of the TRAPPIST - 1 system could be complex worlds with volcanoes, atmospheres and warm subsurface oceans.
Astrophysicist Emeline Bolmont of the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre in France and colleagues took a similar look at the three innermost
planets of TRAPPIST - 1 (before the other four planets were discovered).
A plethora of new observatories — chief among them NASA's multi-billion-dollar James Webb Space Telescope, slated to launch in 2019 — could soon begin studying
the planets of TRAPPIST - 1 and other nearby red - dwarf planets for signs of habitability and life.
Not exact matches
The
TRAPPIST - 1 system is «such an extreme
of rocky
planet chemistry.»
«Webb can achieve the required precision to detect the molecules in the atmospheres
of planets like those in the
TRAPPIST - 1 system,» Lewis says.
There's so much water on some
of TRAPPIST - 1's seven Earth - sized
planets that any life lurking there might be difficult to detect.
These water estimates might throw a wet blanket on the chances
of finding life on any
of TRAPPIST - 1's
planets, if it exists at all.
TRAPPIST - 1's
planets are so wet that most
of the water probably isn't even liquid, but ice formed under high pressure, says Cayman Unterborn, an exogeologist at Arizona State University in Tempe.
Unterborn and his colleagues used previous estimates
of the mass and diameter
of TRAPPIST - 1's
planets to calculate the worlds» densities.
Some
of TRAPPIST - 1's
planets could have life - friendly atmospheres.
New calculations
of the composition
of TRAPPIST - 1f, the fifth
planet from the star, suggest a relatively thin layer
of water (still far deeper than anything found on Earth) gives way to ice VI and ice VII, two different forms
of ice that can form under high pressures.
Many space enthusiasts got their hopes up earlier this year when scientists discovered
TRAPPIST - 1, a star with a collection
of seven Earth - sized
planets — three
of which were in the star's habitable zone and could house life - sustaining liquid water.
SEVEN IN ONE GO The small, cool star
TRAPPIST - 1, illustrated here, hosts a bevy
of Earth - sized
planets.
TRAPPIST - 1, which is 39 light - years distant and just 8 % the mass
of the sun, caught the team's attention because it was obvious from multiple dips that more than one
planet orbited the star.
However, in the case
of TRAPPIST - 1 the team was able to estimate masses by watching for a subtle gravitational effect on the
planets» orbits.
All
of them are transiting, which makes
TRAPPIST - 1 an ideal test for all sorts
of ideas about how M dwarf
planets and their climates evolve, Meadows says.
UNLIKELY WORLDS
TRAPPIST - 1 (illustrated) is on a growing list
of dim red suns with
planets that could support life.
In May 2016, members
of the Belgian
TRAPPIST team announced their small telescope had turned up three potentially habitable
planets orbiting a star just 40 light - years away.
This is especially true for the innermost two
planets of the system,
TRAPPIST - 1b and
TRAPPIST - 1c, which receive the largest amount
of ultraviolet energy.
This makes
TRAPPIST - 1 the planetary system with the largest number
of Earth - sized
planets discovered so far.
However, with the currently available data and telescopes no final conclusion can be drawn on the water content
of the
planets orbiting
TRAPPIST - 1.
An international team
of astronomers used the NASA / ESA Hubble Space Telescope to estimate whether there might be water on the seven earth - sized
planets orbiting the nearby dwarf star
TRAPPIST - 1.
«First hints
of possible water content on
TRAPPIST - 1
planets.»
On 22 February 2017 astronomers announced the discovery
of seven Earth - sized
planets orbiting the ultracool dwarf star
TRAPPIST - 1, 40 light - years away [1].
This artist's impression shows the view from the surface
of one
of the
planets in the
TRAPPIST - 1 system.
The observed amount
of ultraviolet radiation emitted by
TRAPPIST - 1 indeed suggests that the
planets could have lost gigantic amounts
of water over the course
of their history.
Other observations, made with the Hubble Space Telescope and published yesterday in Nature Astronomy, found no signs
of hydrogen in the atmospheres
of planets d, e, and f, but were inconclusive for
TRAPPIST - 1g.
From those densities, they estimate that the fourth
planet out from the star, known as
TRAPPIST - 1e, is the rockiest
of the seven and the most Earth - like, with the possibility
of liquid water on its surface.
Atmospheric reconnaissance
of the habitable - zone Earth - sized
planets orbiting
TRAPPIST - 1.
«
TRAPPIST - 1
planets provide clues to the nature
of habitable worlds.»
Carone and her team considered some
of the nearest exoplanets that have the potential to be Earth - like: Proxima b, which is orbiting the star nearest to the Sun (Proxima Centauri), and the most promising
of the
TRAPPIST - 1 family
of planets,
TRAPPIST - 1d.
The software, called ExoPlex, allowed the team to combine all
of the available information about the
TRAPPIST - 1 system, including the chemical makeup
of the star, rather than being limited to just the mass and radius
of individual
planets.
The masses
of the
TRAPPIST - 1
planets continue to be refined, so these proportions must be considered estimates for now, but the general trends seem clear.
Ultimately, this means that while M - dwarf stars, like
TRAPPIST - 1, are the most common stars in the universe (and while it's likely that there are
planets orbiting these stars), the huge amount
of water they are likely to have makes them unfavorable for life to exist, especially enough life to create a detectable signal in the atmosphere that can be observed.
Other recent discoveries
of nearby Earth - sized
planets have been around red dwarf stars, including
TRAPPIST - 1 and Proxima Centauri, but these create less favorable conditions for life.
One clue to potential habitability is a
planet's mass — something not precisely nailed down in previous measurements
of the
TRAPPIST - 1 worlds.
TRAPPIST - 1 may be small and dim, but dwarf stars like it often emit powerful flares
of radiation that could make water and life on its
planets impossible without thick protective atmospheres.
A few
of the
planets orbiting a star called
TRAPPIST - 1, which is 40 light years away, have shown another sign they might be right for life: water.
But, for a handful
of the
planets around
TRAPPIST - 1, there's not enough UV radiation to destroy the water molecules.
Such was the case for the two
planets closest to
TRAPPIST - 1, but the team also found that three
planets in the habitable zone
of the star should've lost way less water, hinting tantalizingly at the possibility
of life a mere 40 light - years away.
The small, cool star
TRAPPIST - 1 is one
of the best places to look for life in the Milky Way: its seven rocky
planets might all have water and atmospheres
A team led by Michaël Gillon from the University
of Liège, Belgium, found the trio by using the Chilean - based
TRAPPIST telescope to monitor the drop in brightness as the
planets transited, or passed in front
of, their star.
The discovery
of the
planets in the
TRAPPIST - 1 system means that Webb will be able to use its immense capabilities on a relatively nearby system.