In general, glaciers retreat due to a combination of rising temperatures and declining precipitation, but the temperature and
precipitation records from the Alps indicated that glaciers should have continued advancing until around 1910.
Using daily station - based
precipitation records from the United States Historical Climatological Network for the years 1979 - 2008, it is found that there are two distinct sub-regions.
That was because they already had temperature and
precipitation records from Barrow dating back five decades.
Precipitation records from modern rain gauges were used for 1908â $ «96 together with the traditional Korean rain gauge precipitations for 1777â $ «1907.
Using long - term temperature and
precipitation records from 1870 to 2002, Aiguo Dai of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and colleagues calculated the Palmer index for locations around the world in which it is not routinely used.
Not exact matches
To calculate the correlation during the Little Ice Age, researchers compared the core data with proxies for
precipitation data, such as data
from tree rings, cave formations and other natural
records.
Stalagmites and stalactites — the stony projections that grow
from the cave floor and ceiling, respectively — carry a
record of
precipitation because they grow as a result of dripping water.
Sediment core samples drawn
from Lake Titicaca, South America's largest freshwater lake, have revealed a 25,000 - year
precipitation record that may rewrite the books on ancient climate.
Trenberth points to disconcerting discrepancies and spurious variations in
records, including those of
precipitation and solar radiation, derived
from different satellite sensors.
To do so, Ichoku and his colleagues used satellite
records from 2001 to 2014 — including data
from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission — to analyze the impact of fires on various water cycle indicators, namely soil moisture,
precipitation, evapotranspiration and vegetation greenness.
The
records showed that
precipitation and temperature patterns had hardly fluctuated during the period, meaning that the amount of water flowing into the lake
from nearby streams is likely the same today as it was in 1847.
That number has declined
from the eight western states that were
record warm through October, thanks to that stormy pattern that brought in cooler temperatures and
precipitation.
Precipitation was observed in Portland each day
from December 1 - 25, the second longest streak on
record.
«The proxy
records used in this study appear to contradict other studies that have used direct observations of
precipitation from rain gauges... All else being equal, I would trust direct rainfall measurements over proxy
records.»
Triple water.isotopologue
record from WAIS Divide, Antarctica: controls on glacial - interglacial changes in 17Oexcess of
precipitation.
The paper created a Holocene - length
record of extreme
precipitation, as derived
from lakebed sediments across the Northeast.
800 - yr - long
records of annual air temperature and
precipitation over southern Siberia inferred
from Teletskoye Lake sediments Kalugin, I., Daryin, A., Smolyaninova, L., Andreev, A., Diekmann, B. and Khlystov, O. 2007; Quaternary Research 67: 400 - 410
Then, in late 2010, a strong La Niña brought relief
from the drought and
record - breaking
precipitation.
Weather
records from 11 individual weather station were also correlated with annual balance, but each yielded lower correlation coefficients than the Cascade Mountain Division
record, probably due to the significant local changes in
precipitation for many storm events.
As I explained above — major dams are designed by a different method of estimating probable maximum
precipitation from recorded high intensity storm
precipitation transformed by local and regional factors including moisture availability.
Time series of January - November
precipitation anomalies in California
from the historical
record.
To test the accuracy of these modeled data, we compared values
from the Verde ponderosa pine PRISM modeled data to measurements of total winter
precipitation recorded during the original Beaver Creek experiments [31].
The first kind of
precipitation whiplash is
from year to year, meaning that we'll see more extraordinarily dry years followed by incredibly wet years — in the way California's five - year drought ended in 2017 in one of the wettest winters on
record.
In that case, a similar slow - moving low pressure system brought moisture
from the Gulf of Mexico against the front ranges of the northern Rocky Mountains leading to
record breaking
precipitation totals and flooding.
Nor have you produced or cited a single study which shows
from world temperature and
precipitation records that water vapour could warm the surface.
temperature could have exacerbated the 2014 drought by approximately 36 %... These observations
from the paleoclimate
record suggest that high temperatures have combined with the low but not yet exceptional
precipitation deficits to create the worst short - term drought of the last millennium for the state of California... Future severe droughts are expected to be in part driven by anthropogenic influences and temperatures outside the range of the last millennium.
Global solar irradiance reconstruction [48 — 50] and ice - core based sulfate (SO4) influx in the Northern Hemisphere [51]
from volcanic activity (a); mean annual temperature (MAT) reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere [52], North America [29], and the American Southwest * expressed as anomalies based on 1961 — 1990 temperature averages (b); changes in ENSO - related variability based on El Junco diatom
record [41], oxygen isotopes
records from Palmyra [42], and the unified ENSO proxy [UEP; 23](c); changes in PDSI variability for the American Southwest (d), and changes in winter
precipitation variability as simulated by CESM model ensembles 2 to 5 [43].
219 The temperature and
precipitation records are replotted
from the data of K. M. Cuffey and G. D. Clow, «Temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in Central Greenland through the last deglacial transition,» Journal of Geophysical Research 102 (C12): 26383 - 96 (1997).
The DHM data set includes daily flow data for 44 river gauging stations for the period 1964 - 2000, 258 daily
precipitation records covering 1956 - 1996, 119 daily and monthly temperature
records spanning the period 1934 - 1996, 114
records of average monthly humidity
from 1967 - 1997, and 41
records with average monthly values of sunshine hours between 1967 - 1997...
Abrupt changes in
precipitation and temperature resolved in a
record spanning the past 60,000 years
from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, are coeval with Northern Hemisphere climate events.
The scientists recreated the history of drought by analyzing tree ring
records showing the annual
precipitation history
from the past years back to the 1100's.
* This northward deflection of the storm track prevented
precipitation - bearing low pressure systems
from reaching California for large portions of two consecutive rainy seasons, ultimately resulting in the lowest 12 - month
precipitation on
record in California.
While derived
from sea surface temperature data, the PDO index is well correlated with many
records of North Pacific and Pacific Northwest climate and ecology, including sea level pressure, winter land — surface temperature and
precipitation, and stream flow.
«The current
record - breaking drought has arisen
from both extremely low
precipitation and extremely warm temperature,» Professor Diffenbaugh says.
We are beginning to sound like a broken
record here, but again, it is impossible to present reliable future projections for
precipitations changes across the U.S. (seasonal or annual)
from a collection of climate models which largely can not even get the sign (much less the magnitude) of the observed changes correct.
«This study was possible because of the tremendous harvest
records and multicentury - long
records of temperature,
precipitation, and soil moisture reconstructed
from historical documents and tree rings,» Cook said.
Taken together, the observed
record from California suggests that (i)
precipitation deficits are more likely to yield 1 - SD PMDI droughts if they occur when conditions are warm and (ii) the occurrence of 1 - SD PMDI droughts, the probability of
precipitation deficits producing 1 - SD PMDI droughts, and the probability of
precipitation deficits co-occurring with warm conditions have all been greater in the past two decades than in the preceding century.
Here is an excerpt of the research paper, «When It Rains It Pours»,
from Environment America, showing a statistically significant spike in flash flooding and other extreme
precipitation events since 1948: «Weather
records show that storms with extreme
precipitation have become more frequent over the last 60 years.
1985 Lonnie G. Thompson, et al., «A 1500 - Year
Record of Tropical
Precipitation in Ice Cores
from the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru.»
The basic thesis presented by No Tricks Zone is that these graphs, which are inferred
records of things like temperature and
precipitation from specific localities through time, show that the climatological changes happening right now are neither dramatic nor man made...