The association in men was in line with results from
previous prospective studies in American and Spanish cohorts9, 10,11.
Previous prospective studies of fruit and vegetable intake have mixed findings [22].
Not exact matches
They could be explained, said lead author, John O'Kane, MD, of the University of Washington Sports Medicine Clinic, by differences in methodology (
prospective data collection with weekly interviews in the current
study versus data reported by athletic trainers in the other
studies), and under - reporting in
previous studies that captured concussions only in athletes seeking medical attention.
Although this is the first
prospective longitudinal
study to investigate this mediational hypothesis in a systematic manner, our findings are consistent with
previous findings indicating that disruption of interpersonal relationships is a predominant risk factor for suicide10, 13,49 and that interpersonal conflict or separation during adulthood partially mediated an association between neglectful overprotective parenting and subsequent suicide attempts.23 The present findings are also consistent with research indicating that stressful life events mediated the association between childhood adversities and suicidal behavior during adolescence or early adulthood, 8 that suicide is multidetermined, 2 and that youths who experience numerous adversities during childhood and adolescence are at a particularly elevated risk for suicide.18, 22,49
Since low levels of self - efficacy were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in
previous studies, the current
study investigated the bidirectional and
prospective associations between depressive symptoms and academic, social and emotional self - efficacy from early to mid adolescence in a cross-lagged path model.
Studying a large sample and using a
prospective longitudinal design, this
study demonstrated that the sibling recurrence risk of autism spectrum disorder is substantially higher than
previous estimates.
Previous studies mainly assessed the
prospective association of self - efficacy to depressive symptoms.
As pointed out in the
previous section, the results from several large
prospective studies indicate that being victim of aggression from others is a risk factor for the development of both emotional problems and conduct problems.
First, like most
previous longitudinal
studies that examined the
prospective relations between oppositional -, inattentive / hyperactive behaviors and later conduct problems the present analyses were not based on measures that were a perfect match to the DSM - IV symptom - criteria.
Aquilino's [7]
prospective study showed that while parent - child relationships show some dependence on
previous patterns of interaction, they also continue to develop over time.