Sentences with phrase «psychological mechanism associated»

Not exact matches

Physical punishment is associated with a range of mental health problems in children, youth and adults, including depression, unhappiness, anxiety, feelings of hopelessness, use of drugs and alcohol, and general psychological maladjustment.26 — 29 These relationships may be mediated by disruptions in parent — child attachment resulting from pain inflicted by a caregiver, 30,31 by increased levels of cortisol32 or by chemical disruption of the brain's mechanism for regulating stress.33 Researchers are also finding that physical punishment is linked to slower cognitive development and adversely affects academic achievement.34 These findings come from large longitudinal studies that control for a wide range of potential confounders.35 Intriguing results are now emerging from neuroimaging studies, which suggest that physical punishment may reduce the volume of the brain's grey matter in areas associated with performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS - III).36 In addition, physical punishment can cause alterations in the dopaminergic regions associated with vulnerability to the abuse of drugs and alcohol.37

Each type of emotional experience associated with sad music could be connected to a distinct profile of reasons, psychological mechanisms, and reactions, the researchers added.

As these alleles have been associated with differences in psychological functioning, it suggests that incorporation of genetic variability into models of cross-cultural psychological differences may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying these differences.

Membership in a single - parent family or stepfamily is associated with increased levels of significant behavioral, emotional, and academic problems in children.1, 2 The mechanisms underlying this connection are likely to involve, among other factors, financial adversity, increased stress directly related to family transitions, and increased exposure to additional psychosocial risks.3, 4 Compared with the extensive research base connecting family type (ie, membership in a 2 - parent biological family, stepfamily, or single - parent family) and children's psychological adjustment, little is known about the physical health consequences of membership in diverse family types.

While a genetic basis for the findings is possible, altered parenting likely has a significant mediating role.15 For example, a recent meta - analysis found that maternal depression and psychological distress were associated with increased negative and coercive parenting behaviors and disengagement from the child.36 A father may then attenuate the influence of a mother's depression with increased caring behavior directed to the children.37, 38 Alternatively, a healthy father may offer support directly to the affected mother.14 Future work may explicate these mechanisms by examining specific measures of mothers» and fathers» role functioning.