Beginning 2017, all Android smartphones under Sprint will ship with
RCS as standard, so this might stand as the company's prep window.
Text over Wi - Fi and data,» which is as close to a layman's description of
RCS as you'll ever find.
Android Messages has always been Google's RCS app, but to date
RCS as a standard has done what you expect standards to do: get lost in the shuffle as different companies either ignore it or implement it according to their own corporate whims.
T - Mobile first launched
RCS as part of its network in 2015 and now every Android phone the company sells supports it.
So unless Craig Loehle's interesting suggestion of building
RCS as a function of radius rather than age works better, Briffa should have just discarded everything after 320 years.
Not exact matches
Traditionally, Christianity has thought of Jesus» coming - again
as occurring in chronological order, hence the weekly proclamation of
RCs, «Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again.»
Older systems like SCCS and
RCS only worked with changes by line, which
as previously noted would have ended up being paragraphs in legislation.
My current position at TDR is
as Grant Manager for the Research Capacity Strengthening (
RCS) programme.
Furthermore, they demonstrated the applicability of the algorithm by showing how to encode the problem of calculating the electromagnetic scattering cross-section, also known
as radar cross section (
RCS).
The power indicates how well the radar can detect or track that target, so there are ongoing efforts to reduce the
RCS of such objects
as missiles, ships, tanks and aircraft.
RepliCel's autologous cell therapy,
RCS - 01, to be investigated
as a potential treatment for aged and UV - damaged skin.
Importantly, akin to HESC - RPE in vivo, cells at the outside edge of the iPS - RPE cell bolus could phagocytose photoreceptor outer segments from the
RCS rat,
as indicated by the presence of rhodopsin - positive photoreceptor material within the cellular membrane of iPS - RPE labelled with HSM (Fig. 5E).
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There's no smaller 2.5 - liter V6 in the RC
as there is in the cheapest IS sedan, the IS 250;
RCs start with the larger 3.5 - liter and its 306 horsepower.
In this presentation, he talks about these projects, what
RCS Libri is learning from them, and how he sees them
as «the beginning of our digital publishing evolution.»
RCS could be described
as SMS messaging on steroids.
In addition,
as fewer employees plan to rely on defined benefit (DB) plans for retirement income and fewer trust that Social Security will be there for them, the
RCS found many employees are showing interest in guaranteed income products.
The Yamal data is definitely better than most data sets, at least relative to
RCS detrending concerns (
as is that of Esper et al., 2012), and also better than the Polar Urals, but other critical concerns remain (
as they do for virtually all tree ring studies attempting to estimate relative climatic state variables over centuries).
Our analysis shows,
as you allude to, that the
RCS tree - ring reconstructions appear to be doing quite well at the low - frequency.
The reconstruction was based on a composite of tree ring annual ring width series from boreal and alpine treeline sites across the northern hemisphere, and made use of a very conservative («
RCS») tree - ring standardization procedure designed to preserve
as much low - frequency climatic information
as possible.
To lose Killian form these pages, like the hundreds of others who have passed though here only to soon disappear forever soon after having packet of peanuts endlessly criticised and ridiculed them here relentlessly (
as on other like websites) will be
RCs, and readers, and niglej's loss, not Killians.
This issue led Keith Briffa and colleagues to re-introduce some time ago a method known
as regional curve standardization (
RCS), that attempts to solve this problem by fitting curves to some larger collection of ring series, thereby producing a more robust estimate of the ring response expected for a given tree age.
Note also —
as I alluded to in an earlier coment above — that with all of the emphasis on the post-volcanic cooling, many observers are missing an equally important conclusion that we draw in the paper (and mentioned in the press release): that if the models we compared to have things about right, then
RCS is doing a remarkably good job of reconstructing the long - term variability.
As I understand what Ed, Keith and Hal Fritts have written at various times about RCS, and from my own limited experience with the method, it is extremely important to have strong replication, and I don't see 50 - 70 samples probably from 25 - 35 trees as a big sampl
As I understand what Ed, Keith and Hal Fritts have written at various times about
RCS, and from my own limited experience with the method, it is extremely important to have strong replication, and I don't see 50 - 70 samples probably from 25 - 35 trees
as a big sampl
as a big sample.
The authors claim to have largely resolved the «divergence problem» through judicious application of
RCS, and in doing so find broad agreement between the instrumental and proxy record during the «entire 20th century warming interval»,
as stated in the abstract.
As any dendrochronologist can tell you, especially if they have read something about the
RCS method, you WILL get bad results when you mix datasets with trees that don't show similar growth patterns.
But in fact,
as Hantemirov explains, his application of the
RCS (regional curve standardization) method to the larger live core data set now available, gives a result very close to Briffa's,
as seen in Hantemirov's graphs below.
Curiously, in this case, the purported justification appears incorrect based on the appearance of the
RCS and STD chronologies in Figure 1, in which the
RCS chronologies appear to have more low - frequency variability than the STD chronologies (though this could arise from site inhomogeneity
as well.)
The
RCS series (red) have somewhat more low - frequency variability (but in
RCS, such variability can arise from site inhomogeneity
as well
as temporal change.)
As to reliability of recent increase in tree growth — we have updated our data using many additional subfossil and living trees and using
RCS - method.
«Using the identified climate signal
as our spatiotemporal filter, normalized reconstructed components (
RCs) were generated for all indices, each reflecting a multidecadal signal that centers on ~ 64 years.»
I'll show that the
RCS technique used in the LW2005 MXD chronology eliminated high medieval values
as a tautology of their method, not -LSB-...]
I commented similarly over at Deltoid, but then found references to
RCS by googling to work Briffa had done
as early
as 1992.
the Equation (Principle of Aggregate tree Growth) is Additive (Aggregate) not multiplicative,
as in the
RCS I have been looking at.
Secondly,
RCS does not imply that an exponential fit is being used — the Melvin - Briffa paper describes many other ways to fit to the age - dependent growth curve
as well
as their time - varying spline fit.
There seem to be some pretty clear age - related patterns in the mean residuals plots that may result, possibly,
as a result of the inadequacy of the particular growth curve
as applied in the
RCS process.
As for an example of a documented
RCS method not based on an exponential fit, I refer you to the article mentioned by Hu McCulloch earlier:
If the environment is different for the different groups, there should be no surprise that these fits are different, or their ratios to the exponential
RCS vary,
as I said all the way back in (# 56).
Using this measure removes any
RCS mismatching
as a possible source of variation while at the same time emulating the calculation of tree indexes or deltas that are used for the series chronology..
Of course, you could fit a fixed form
RCS function (the «time - varying» spline would not work here), but then any deviation of the actual growth function of the real trees from the hypothesized one would appear
as a false climate «signal» causing a bias in the estimates.
As for an example of a documented
RCS method not based on an exponential fit, I refer you to the article mentioned by Hu McCulloch earlier: Melvin, Briffa, Nicolusi, Grabner, «Time - varying - response smoothing» Dendrochronologia, 25 (2007) pp 65 - 6
... two Yamal chronologies, one using
RCS (presumably the exponential model Roman describes) and the other using a Spline (presumably
as in the Melvin - Briffa 07 paper cited in # 96)... How can these be so different, and which should we prefer?
It is a place to start
as it should be directly comparable to the age and climate estimates that spit out of the
RCS procedure described above.
If the environment is different for the different groups, there should be no surprise that these fits are differrent, or their ratios to the exponential
RCS vary,
as I said all the way back in (# 56).
Basically the «test» of
RCS in this paper is so limited
as to be of no use.
The
RCS method of generating expected growth values does not use diameter and
as a result produces poor estimates of tree growth rates.
However,
as you say (and I'll concede this point), it does provide a graphic example (Jaemtland) of a case where two populations were considered sufficiently dissimilar that
RCS should not be done.
This would be a linear declining function without nonrandom attrition and any mixture of underlying negative exponential ring width processes, so this brings home the potential mischief (for homogenous negative exponential
RCS) caused by nonrandom attrition... Let me emphasize that I have done everything possible to make this relationship
as nonmonotonic
as it could possibly be.
Take a look at Esper et al 2003 Figure 8 for an example of Esper rejecting two populations
as being not the same and therefore not suitable for
RCS (h / t to Tom P).
In order to get a better feel for the Yamal
RCS chronology
as impacted by the number of tree ring ages involved, I did some counting and graphing of those counts below.