Sentences with phrase «reported average concentrations»

Not exact matches

Men appear to be making less sperm on average, several studies report, and what is made tends to be subfertile, which the World Health Organization describes as sperm that swim poorly, take on a funny shape, fail to reach concentrations higher than 15 million per milliliter, or otherwise struggle to impregnate an egg.

Worldwide, average concentrations rose 11 per cent between 1990 and 2015, according to a report by the Health Effects Institute and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, both in the US.

Results of the study, which the researchers report online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, show that for the first 170 million years or so of flying - insect evolution, wing length grew and shrank in step with variations in average oxygen concentration.

R. S. Sharma, a public health specialist on the panel from the Indian Council of Medical Research, writes in the report that, «the hot tropical climate of the country, the low body mass index; low fat content of an average Indian as compared to European countries and high environmental concentration of radio frequency radiation may place Indians under risk of radio frequency radiation adverse effect.»

Linear regression fits to these data were calculated using the R Statistical Software package.22 The data for the San Francisco Bay air basin was queried in a similar manner as above, but instead of recording days above the federal standard the daily average concentrations at the highest monitoring site in the basin are reported by month through October 2017.

«The average lead concentration of cocoa beans was < - 0.5 ng / g, which is one of the lowest reported values for a natural food,» they wrote.

In district - level analysis, the Education Trust finds that nationally districts serving high concentrations of low - income students receive on average $ 1,200 less in state and local funding than districts that serve low concentrations of low - income students, and that gap widens to $ 2,000 when comparing high - minority and low - minority districts.17 These findings are further reflected by national funding equity measures reported by Education Week, which indicate that wealthy school districts spend more per student than poorer school districts do on average.18

Recognizes that warming of the climate system is unequivocal and that most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid twentieth century is very likely due to the increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, as assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change in its Fourth Assessment Report;

In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report stated a clear expert consensus that: «It is extremely likely [defined as 95 - 100 % certainty] that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic [human - caused] increase in greenhouse gas concentrations and other anthropogenic forcings together.»

DMS was reported in human breath of healthy subjects at an average concentration of 13.8 ppb (17).

The Scripps CO2 Group, which manages the Keeling Curve record of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, reported this week that the average concentration of CO2 at Mauna Loa was 404.16 ppm for February.

This paper examines in detail the statement in the 2007 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report that «Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations».

The economic constraint on environmental action can easily be seen by looking at what is widely regarded as the most far - reaching establishment attempt to date to deal with The Economics of Climate Change in the form of a massive study issued in 2007 under that title, commissioned by the UK Treasury Office.7 Subtitled the Stern Review after the report's principal author Nicholas Stern, a former chief economist of the World Bank, it is widely viewed as the most important, and most progressive mainstream treatment of the economics of global warming.8 The Stern Review focuses on the target level of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) concentration in the atmosphere necessary to stabilize global average temperature at no more than 3 °C (5.4 °F) over pre-industrial levels.

Requires the President, if the NAS report finds that emission reduction targets are not on schedule or that global actions will not maintain safe global average surface temperature and atmospheric GHG concentration thresholds, to submit a plan by July 1, 2015, to Congress identifying domestic and international actions that will achieve necessary additional GHG reductions.

As professional scientists, from students to senior professors, we uphold the findings of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, which concludes that «Warming of the climate system is unequivocal» and that «Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations».

-- In the event that the Administrator or the National Academy of Sciences has concluded, in the most recent report submitted under section 705 or 706 respectively, that the United States will not achieve the necessary domestic greenhouse gas emissions reductions, or that global actions will not maintain safe global average surface temperature and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration thresholds, the President shall, not later than July 1, 2015, and every 4 years thereafter, submit to Congress a plan identifying domestic and international actions that will achieve necessary additional greenhouse gas reductions, including any recommendations for legislative action.

There are plenty, but for a conservative example see IPCC Synthesis Report 2007 Table 5.1 which says to stay within 2 - 2.4 degrees global average temperature increase above pre-industrial (Copenhagen upper «low risk» target) and 425 - 490ppm CO2 - equivalent concentration at stabilisation, the required change in global CO2 emissions in 2050 (percent of 2000 emissions) is decline between 85 to 50 percent.

To assess the impact on global average temperature increase, IEA used MAGICC with an emissions pathway in between the representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 6 from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report.

And while the IPCC's most recent 2007 report concluded «most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations,» «Team B» came to the opposite conclusion, that «natural causes are very likely to be the dominant cause.»

An increase in carbon dioxide concentrations that is «unprecedented» in the last 20,000 years, along with increases in other emissions, have driven up average temperatures by about 0.6 degrees Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit) since 1950, the report states.

The 2007 IPCC report found that the cost of actions to stabilize concentrations of heat - trapping emissions at a level that gives us a good chance of avoiding dangerous warming would amount to less than a 0.12 percent reduction in average annual global gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in 2050.

The report confirms that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations and that discernible human influences now extend to other aspects of climate, including ocean warming, continental - average temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns.

Levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide continue to climb, the report authors say; atmospheric CO2 concentrations reached a global average of 397.2 ppm last year, compared with the average of 354.0 in 1990, the first year the annual State of the Climate report was issued.

The IPCC report defines four timeline scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways or RCPs) plotting amounts of carbon burned and resulting global average temperatures, depending on when global greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) peak and then decline.

As Media Matters has noted, the IPCC's 2007 «Synthesis Report» concluded that» [w] arming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level» and that» [m] ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely [defined in the report as a» > 90 %» probability] due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [human - caused] GHG [greenhouse gas] concentrations.&Report» concluded that» [w] arming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level» and that» [m] ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely [defined in the report as a» > 90 %» probability] due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [human - caused] GHG [greenhouse gas] concentrations.&report as a» > 90 %» probability] due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [human - caused] GHG [greenhouse gas] concentrations.»

Additionally, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2001 report notes that «global average water vapour concentration and precipitation are projected to increase during the 21st century.»

The IPCC 2001 TAR shows a graph of four datasets including Hadley CRU all showing the cooling from 1942 to 1975 but the 2007 4AR report shows the same Hadley CRU dataset modified (physically altered) to eliminate this cooling to show overall warming since the middle of the century allowing the statement «Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.»

The 2007 Fourth Assessment Report compiled by the IPCC (AR4) noted that «changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols, land cover and solar radiation alter the energy balance of the climate system», and concluded that «increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations is very likely to have caused most of the increases in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century».