Not exact matches
That last line is key: «
Increased bank
reserves held at the Fed don't necessarily translate into more
money or cash in circulation, and, indeed, broad measures of the
supply of
money have not grown especially quickly, on balance, over the past few years.»
Increased bank
reserves held at the Fed don't necessarily translate into more
money or cash in circulation, and, indeed, broad measures of the
supply of
money have not grown especially quickly, on balance, over the past few years.
Instead, the quantity of
reserves has become so much larger than would be required to maintain a Funds Rate of only 0.25 % that even a tiny
increase to 0.50 % would necessitate a $ 1 trillion + reduction in
reserves and
money supply, which would crash the stock and bond markets.
The first one basically being that you know, as we have seen over the past two years, even with the emergency monetary stimulus that they're able to grow their balance sheet, which creates excess
reserves into the system and in a variety ways and that means, they are purchasing bonds, purchasing mortgages, purchasing treasuries, which
increases the amount of monetary
supply — the
money available to help all set the conditions that they are trying to counterbalance.
As Robert Higgs points out in a recent blog post, for
increases in the monetary base to become
increases in the
supply of
money, the banks have to cooperate by lending out their excess
reserves.
The Fed asserts (see above), that its QE operations are not inflationary, since it merely «swaps assets» — it is held that further asset purchases will merely
increase the level of excess
reserves, which by dint of not entering the
money supply proper can not exert an effect on the economy.
The bottom line is that it is not fractional
reserve banking per se that is the cause of inflationary
increases to the
money supply due to the
money multiplier process but rather the ability of central banks to override market signals, thanks to their monopoly status, and add
reserves to the banking system at their discretion and independently of the public's preferences.
Each bank loan
increases the
money supply in a fractional
reserve banking system.
Through open market operations, adjusting the discount rate and setting bank
reserve requirements, the Federal
Reserve possesses the tools necessary to
increase or decrease the
money supply.
I'm simplifying greatly here: if more
money is printed (or the
money supply increases through fractional
reserve banking) and it is chasing the same amount of goods then prices will go up.
The answer could be that while central bank interventions
increased the monetary base, or M0
money supply, those dollars were held in
reserve by the banking system.