Sentences with phrase «retinal photoreceptor»

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and cone - rod dystrophy (CRD) are collective terms for two broad forms of progressive, bilateral degenerative diseases that affect the retinal photoreceptor cells.

Retinal photoreceptor transplants have been successfully achieved in mice, offering new hope for transplantation - based therapies for...

The RPE is a single layer of cells lining the back of the retina that is vital to the functioning of the retinal photoreceptor cells, and thus vision itself.

Inactivation of this gene in zebrafish induced retinal photoreceptor defects that were rescued by human NEK2mRNA.

A new gene therapy treatment has restored some sight in a handful of blind patients suffering from Leber's congenital amaurosis, a syndrome in which, because of a broken or missing gene called RPE65, retinal photoreceptor cells malfunction and eventually die.

And in the absence of pigment in the eye, retinal photoreceptors can become overstimulated and send confusing messages to the brain, which often also produce a nystagmus, or fluttering of the eyes.

The master circadian oscillator in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus is entrained to the day / night cycle by retinal photoreceptors.

With this approach the authors report a number of unique RP mutations, a previously undescribed disease gene called NEK2 that involves the retinal photoreceptors, and structural DNA rearrangements originating in introns.

The role of the microglial Cx3cr1 pathway in the post-natal maturation of retinal photoreceptors

They play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitotoxicity responsible for much of the neuronal damage caused by hypoxic insult in the brain [37], and are expressed in retinal photoreceptors, horizontal cells, and bipolar cells as well as the amacrine and ganglion cells of the inner retina [38 — 41].

As given above, the ERG is a nonpainful electrophysiologic test that quantitatively determines the health, or lack thereof, of the retinal photoreceptors.

After light passes through the retina, it is reflected from the tapetum back onto the retina so that there is a second opportunity for the retinal photoreceptors to be stimulated.

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) belongs to a group of inherited retinal disorders associated with gradual vision impairment due to degeneration of retinal photoreceptors in various dog breeds.

Not exact matches

This infolding put the photoreceptors in close proximity to the retinal pigment epithelium, enabling the biochemical recycling of retinoids following light absorption, the attenuation of light that passes through the photoreceptors unabsorbed, and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients from the overlying choroid tissue.

Similar patches and treatments have already been tested against the «wet» form — in which blood vessels invade and destroy the retinal pigment epithelial cells that nourish and support the photoreceptor cells that capture light.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells that accomplishes multiple functions, such as providing survival molecules that prevent photoreceptors from dying.

It first targets a protective lining called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which shuttles nutrients to the photoreceptor cells and is vital for their survival.

These findings have suggested the development stages at which to transplant cells — for instance, photoreceptor cells need to be relatively more mature than stem cells, according to Thomas Reh, who studies retinal development at the University of Washington.

«This is important because the death of photoreceptor cells is known to cause retinal degenerative diseases in humans that lead to blindness.

Isacoff, Flannery and UC Berkeley colleagues have developed several optogenetic techniques for restoring light - sensitivity to surviving retinal cells other than the photoreceptors.

In normal mice with working photoreceptors (PR driven), stimulating the retina produces a variety of responses in retinal ganglion cells, the output of the eye.

Bypassing damaged retinal cells The light - sensitive photoreceptors made by the rod and cone cells in the retina also belong to the GPCR class.

Recent evidence suggests that the entraining photoreceptors are retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that project to the SCN.

When these photoreceptors detect light, they send a signal to specialized neurons in the retina called retinal ganglion cells, or RGCs, which then transmit visual information to the brain by firing electrical pulses along the optic nerve.

These vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells and carry away waste products.

These included impaired function of retinal pigment epithelium and subsequent blindness due to photoreceptor atrophy and death.

The researchers injured the mice retinas with a toxin that causes cell death in retinal ganglion cells and interneurons, another type of retinal cell whose job it is to transmit signals from photoreceptors to the brain.

Most people who have lost vision due to hereditary retinal degeneration have either no photoreceptors with which to perceive light or photoreceptors that don't work.

The black layer on top of the photoreceptors is retinal pigment epithelium.

In wild - type, retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and nuclear layers of rod and cone photoreceptors are distinct, and rod outer segment (OS) is observed at the outer-most layer of the retina.

«Because degradation of photoreceptors is believed to be a major factor in retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's congenital amaurosis, this finding, that horizontal cells are necessary for the normal survival of photoreceptor cells, is novel and significant,» says Mu.

«Many retinal diseases are manifested by the degeneration of photoreceptor cells.»

However, both Goldberg and Albini agreed there is no evidence that this kind of therapy could have treated the patients» sight problems even if carried out correctly and only sparse evidence that adipose cells can differentiate into retinal pigment epithelium or photoreceptor cells, which play a critical role in macular degeneration.

Retinal ganglion cell axons (arrowhead), RPE (arrow), and rod photoreceptors (stained red for XAP2) are donor derived.

The second step will be to optimize culture conditions for the commitment of the iPS / hES cell - derived retinal precursors towards the photoreceptor lineage.

Chronic experimental hypoxia kills photoreceptors in adult rat retina [14] and can lead to retinal angiogenesis [15].

In Figure 5O, the number of rod photoreceptor, inner nuclear layer, and retinal ganglion cells were determined by counting the nuclei of cells expressing XAP2, Calretinin, or in the RGC layer, respectively.

Mouse models of induced pluripotent stem (IPS) cells have demonstrated the feasibility of regenerating photoreceptor cells and / or retinal tissue.

When transplanted to the subretinal space of mice lacking functional photoreceptors, human embryonic stem cells directed toward a retinal lineage integrate into the outer nuclear layer, express photoreceptor markers, and restore a light response as determined by the electroretinogram (ERG)[5].

Lack of protein - tyrosine sulfation disrupts photoreceptor outer segment morphogenesis, retinal function and retinal anatomy.

Reduction of all - trans retinal to all - trans retinol in the outer segments of frog and mouse rod photoreceptors.

Influence of blue light on photoreceptors in a live retinal explant system.

Molecular markers for retinal ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, Müller glia, and rod and cone photoreceptor cells (Table S3) identified these cell types (Figures 5B, 5D — 5N, and S2, S3, S4, S5, S6).

It results from the death of cells critical for vision: retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) and photoreceptor cells.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a layer of cells next to the retina that are metabolically coupled to the retina's photoreceptor neurons.

Reduction of All - trans - retinal in Vertebrate Rod Photoreceptors Requires the Combined Action of RDH8 and RDH12.

0 Research ArticleRETINAL DISEASES Human ESC — derived retinal epithelial cell sheets potentiate rescue of photoreceptor cell loss in rats with retinal degeneration Karim Ben M'Barek 1,2,3, Walter Habeler1, 2,3, Alexandra Plancheron1, 2,3,

In retinal diseases such as age - related macular degeneration, for example, photoreceptor cells that absorb light signals are damaged or dead.

The findings from our proposed studies will further define how the RPE supports the photoreceptor functions via metabolic coupling, and hopefully identify novel druggable targets for preventing RPE and retinal degeneration during AMD.

We aim to develop an artificial photoreceptor based on photovoltaic organic materials for future retinal prosthetic devices.