The mean ±
SD age of the children was 46 ± 8 months, 92 % were white, and 55 % were boys.
Not exact matches
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All the average scores in this study were much higher than those reported in a sample
of Japanese
children aged 4 - 18 (N = 5159) from the general population: internalizing problems = 3.1 - 3.8 (
SD = 4.2 - 4.8); externalizing problems = 3.1 - 5.3 (
SD = 4.3 - 5.6); total problems = 11.7 - 16.1 (
SD = 13.4 - 14.5)[23].
Accordingly, a 1 -
SD increase in the number
of hours
of television watched at
age 4 years is associated with an approximate 25 % increase in the probability
of being described as a bully by the
child's mother at
ages 6 through 11 years.
RESULTS:
Children watched an average
of 2.3 hours per day (
SD 1.9)
of media at
age 2 years.
The
children of the participants were 51 % female and had a mean
age of 3.3 years (
SD = 0.8) at the point
of initial recruitment.
Age - related starting points, decision points and alternative stopping points were used to ensure that the motivation and self - esteem
of the
child were protected, that the testing focused on the most suitable items for the
child, and that the assessment time was kept to a minimum.45 Test scores were T - standardised to a mean
of 50 and a
SD of 10.
The
age range
of the index
children was 2 — 8 years with a mean
of 4.6 (
SD 2.0) years.
To assess the effectiveness
of providing training in elaborative, emotion rich reminiscing (emotional reminiscing, ER) as an adjunct to Parent Management Training (PMT) for parents
of children (N = 38, M
age = 56.9,
SD = 15.8 months) with oppositional behaviors.
Parent or
child opt - outs from participation were received for 4.3 %
of children, and MCS data obtained from 27 808
children (mean
age 11.5 years,
SD 0.5; 49.5 % female), representing 85.9 %
of students at participating schools.
A total
of 410 families were assessed at a mean (
SD)
child age of 6.9 (1.3) months, including 126
of 225 VIP families (56.0 %), 150
of 225 BB families (66.7 %), and 134
of 225 controls (59.6 %).
The mean
age of participating
children was 11.5 years (
SD 0.5); other demographic information on participants is summarised in table 2.
The participants included 115
children (43.5 % female) between 46.5 and 69.6 months
of age (mean [
SD], 50.73 [4.98] months) who had been previously randomly assigned to either the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch - up (ABC) intervention (n = 54) or the control intervention (n = 61).
Children were between 46.5 and 69.6 months
of age at the time
of the preschool follow - up
of cortisol regulation (mean [
SD]
age, 50.73 [4.98] months).
A total
of 52 families with
children aged 3 — 15 (M = 6.3,
SD = 2.6) years were included in the study.
Waking cortisol levels differed significantly between
children in the ABC group (mean [
SD], − 0.87 [0.45] μg / dL) and
children the DEF group (mean [
SD], − 1.05 [0.43] μg / dL), controlling for time
of sample collection and
age (β01 = 0.18; P =.03).
However, the paper does not provide the literature search dates for the review, which was submitted in June 2008; the review was very broad in its scope and includes all uses
of video feedback with no
age limits on the
children (who ranged in
age from birth to seven years, with an average
age of 2.4 years (standard deviation (
SD) = 2.7 years).
The sample consisted
of 51 Romanian preschool -
aged children (23 boys), in the
age - range 53 — 69 months (Mean
age = 63.03,
SD = 4.69).
Participant Demographic Information Variables Mother's
age Child's
age (N = 233) M /
SD 31.33 (6.04) M /
SD 3.32 (1.03) Percentage 79.8 % 5.2 % 4.7 % 4.3 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 3.4 % Percentage 1.3 % 6.9 % 7.7 % 13.7 % 12.0 % 11.2 % 9.4 % 37.6 % Percentage 8.6 % 3.9 % 36.1 % 38.2 % 12.4 % 0.9 % Percentage 9.4 % 14.2 % 73.0 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 0.9 % Sample The sample examined for this study consisted
of 233 mothers who had young
children between 2 and 5 years old.
Participants: 60
children with normal intelligence, 3 (n = 13), 4 (n = 24), 5 (n = 23) years
of age, mean: 56.1 (
SD 8.7) months.
33 %
of the
children below the criterion ⩾ 2
SD below mean
age norm.
Lexical knowledge and usage tended towards the lower norm range (mean Centile 3.5;
SD 2.1); the individual result was in 20 %
of the
children ⩾ 2
SD below the mean
age norm.
Participants (N = 488) were part
of the
Child / Adolescent Anxiety Multi-modal study (CAMS),
ages 7 — 17 years (M = 10.69;
SD = 2.80).
Control
children were matched to anxious
children on sex and
age within 4 months
of the birth date
of the anxious
child (M = 1.94 months,
SD = 1.43).
The
children's
age at the time
of enrollment in the cochlear implant program ranged from 3 to 35 months, with a mean
of 18 months (
SD = 10.94).
On average, mothers were 25.1 years
of age (
SD = 5.9 years) at the birth
of the
child.
These authors asked both parents
of 600
children (47 % boys, 53 % girls) 7 to 15 years
of age (M = 10.9,
SD = 1.8), who were recruited on the basis
of a stratified random sampling procedure (for a detailed discussion, see Van Leeuwen et al., 2004), to independently complete a series
of questionnaires, covering parenting behavior,
child problem behavior, and
child and parent personality.
To examine whether the emotions in the emotion picture book were interpreted as they were intended, we asked 67 respondents (36 % male) between 20 and 63 years
of age (M = 34.0,
SD = 12.9) with a similar socioeconomic background as the participants in the main study to label the emotions
of the
children in the pictures.
The mean
age of the
children was 11.09 years (
SD = 0.55), 50.8 % were girls, 10.3 % were
children who had at least one parent born in a non-Western country, and 32.6 %
of children had parents with a low educational level (i.e., a lower track
of secondary education was the highest level attained).
A total
of 345
children (40.6 % female) presenting with a high level
of CP in early elementary school (mean
age at study inception = 8.52;
SD =.94) were evaluated annually over a four - year period (5 measurement time points).
The clinically referred sample consisted
of 216
children,
age 3.00 — 7.33 (M 4.35,
SD 0.89), 81 % boys.
Forty - one parents and their
children (20 girls and 21 boys, mean
age = 4.33 years,
SD = 1.30) participated in a study to examine how parents» personal use
of mental health services related to their attitudes toward
child mental health services as well as to their
children's adjustment.
The sample consisted
of 570
children, 88 (15.4 %) females and 482 (84.6 %) males, with a mean
age of 10.78 years (
SD 3.01 years).
Participants (mean
age = 31,
SD = 8) were predominantly female (87 %), either white (55 %) or African - American (42 %), and biological parents (88 %)
of the target
children.
Participants were 52 FCG
children, 44 CAUG
children, and 97 NIG
children who were part
of the BEIP and whose teachers provided a report
of their social behavior when they were 8 y
of age (M = 8.58,
SD = 0.34, range: 7.44 — 9.39).
In total, 120 first grade
children (61 male and 59 female; M
Age = 76.4 months or 6 years and 4 - months - old, SD = 4.06) were assessed at age 6 twice, with 3 months in between sessions, and 75 children were also assessed after about 12 months (62.5 % of the initial sample: 32 male and 42 female; M Age = 91.1 months or 7 years and 7 - months - old, SD = 11.4
Age = 76.4 months or 6 years and 4 - months - old,
SD = 4.06) were assessed at
age 6 twice, with 3 months in between sessions, and 75 children were also assessed after about 12 months (62.5 % of the initial sample: 32 male and 42 female; M Age = 91.1 months or 7 years and 7 - months - old, SD = 11.4
age 6 twice, with 3 months in between sessions, and 75
children were also assessed after about 12 months (62.5 %
of the initial sample: 32 male and 42 female; M
Age = 91.1 months or 7 years and 7 - months - old, SD = 11.4
Age = 91.1 months or 7 years and 7 - months - old,
SD = 11.43).
Participants consisted
of 145 mothers and 17 fathers (mean
age = 41.89 yrs,
SD = 7.73) with a history
of depression and 211
children (106 males)(mean
age = 11.49 yrs,
SD = 2.00).
The mean
age of these
children (62 were boys and 24 were girls) was 7.16 years (
SD = 1.81).