Sentences with phrase «sf6 emission estimates»

The approval follows a 12 - month environmental assessment of the project that looked at the adequacy of emissions estimates and air quality modelling, cumulative air emissions, potential health impacts and worker health issues.

Comprehensive studies that account for both direct and indirect emissions estimate that over 50 % of global GHG emissions come from raising livestock.

We believe methodologies used by some other retailers are more robust — for example, Marks and Spencer uses 50 % primary data for its upstream transportation and distribution emissions estimate.

Revised manure management CH4 emissions estimates for 2011 in the US from this study were 71.8 % higher than IPPC - based estimates.

In late March, the Obama administration released guidance directing U.S. EPA to address methane emissions from the oil and gas industry, after a number of studies measuring emissions from the air, known as «top - down» measurements, showed that the agency's emissions estimates for the industry were too low (ClimateWire, March 31).

And in the United States, increasing use of natural gas in recent years has cut the country's CO2 emissions an estimated 1.4 percent per year since 2005, the study says.

Such a system of measurements can increase the reliability of national emissions estimates.

Even though the hotspots only occur on about 1 percent of the area, they contribute 17 percent to the annual methane emission estimate of the study area.

The study applied «medium to high» future emissions estimates of heat - trapping gases, as assumed by the California state government, to models designed to assess what effect climate change would have on national parks like Yosemite, Death Valley, Redwood, Joshua Tree and Sequoia.

Saunders also defended the study's use of medium - to - high emissions estimates from the IPCC, saying he expects the international body to issue even higher greenhouse gas predictions in its next five - year study, in 2012.

Evaluating progress towards countries» commitments to reduce CO2 emissions depends upon improving the accuracy of annual emissions estimates and reducing related uncertainties.

That is roughly 10 times the amount of all human - caused mercury emissions over the last 30 years, based on emissions estimates from 2016.

In 1999, I signed two landmark clean air bills that will reduce industrial air emissions an estimated 250,000 tons annually — the equivalent of removing 5.5 million cars from Texas roads and highways.

Future emissions estimated based on OECD projections for economic growth and steady progress towards the upper (65 %) or lower (60 %) end of China's carbon intensity target for 2030.

His emissions estimates are part of most Earth system models (ESMs) used by researchers today.

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) carbon assessment published in 2009 highlighted the disparity in methane emissions estimated by extrapolating data from wetlands, lakes, and coastal waters underlain by permafrost (32 to 112 Tg CH4 yr - 1) and estimates based on spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric methane concentrations (15 to 50 Tg CH4 yr - 1).

New shipboard direct sampling methods for air - sea CH4 exchange will enable researchers to better quantify marine fluxes and will help the community address disparities in marine CH4 emissions estimates among different regions [Thornton et al., 2016].

«If Howard's right, we'll need to review other emission estimates used in EPA inventories,» said Robert Jackson, an earth science professor at Stanford University who studies methane leaks.

In 1999, I signed two landmark clean air bills that will reduce industrial air emissions an estimated 250,000 tons annually — the equivalent of removing 5.5 million cars from Texas roads and highways.

But if the yearly emissions estimate doubles again in the next 5 years we'll be fast approaching 12 noon in Bartlett's terminology.

Their diagnosed source fluxes are consistent with bottom - up models of wetlands and fires, and independent fossil fuel emissions estimates.

Ed Dlugokencky of NOAA, who confirmed a couple of weeks ago that recent increases in atmospheric methane were continuing, tells me that the emissions estimates are reasonable, but that the global data is not yet consistent with a large and growing source of Arctic methane....»

Or are you now going to claim that the emissions estimates haven't doubled in just a few short years?

«Though we have questions about the study's emissions estimates, it nevertheless highlights the critical importance of getting better data so that we can accurately characterize air pollution from natural gas development,» Ramon Alvarez, a senior scientist with the Environmental Defense Fund, said in an e-mailed statement.

All of these studies are reporting upstream emission estimates that are 10 - to 20-fold higher than those reported in this new paper by the Allen and colleagues.

(CDIAC have just published 2012 preliminary emissions estimates = 9.67 GtC.)

Therefore, these new emission estimates do not allow yet a quantification of the permafrost methane - climate feedback.

Furthermore, emissions estimates discussed here include only those from fossil fuels burned within a country's borders, meaning that the tallies do not account for international trade.

A sensitivity analysis using recent emissions estimates and some more aggressive reductions would also be interesting.

When the emission estimates are compared over time, the resulting relative uncertainty is generally lower than the uncertainty of estimates for individual years.

Also, the Greenland ice core data do agree pretty good with sulfate emissions estimates, but Greenland is located downwind of the US and Canada and does not represent global trends impacted by developing countries.

Most studies have used EPA emission estimates from 1996, which were updated in November 2010 when it was determined that greenhouse gas emissions of various fuels are higher than previously believed.

New shipboard direct sampling methods for air - sea CH4 exchange will enable researchers to better quantify marine fluxes and will help the community address disparities in marine CH4 emissions estimates among different regions [Thornton et al., 2016].

This technical document provides the following information: - An update of global greenhouse gas emission estimates, based on a number of different authoritative scientific sources; - An overview of national emission levels, both current (2010) and projected (2020) consistent with current pledges and other commitments; - An estimate of the level of global emissions consistent with the two degree target in 2020, 2030 and 2050; - An update of the assessment of the «emissions gap» for 2020; - A review of selected examples of the rapid progress being made in different parts of the world to implement policies already leading to substantial emission reductions and how they can be scaled up and replicated in other countries, with the view to bridging the emissions gap.

Dinneen says that the ILUC emissions estimates in the look - up table were never adjusted to account for ARB's own assumption in the ISOR that not all the carbon in the cleared woody material is released to the atmosphere during the year following the clearing — i.e., since some of the wood is used for building material, it continues to sequester carbon after the clearing event.

Full - fuel - cycle GHG emissions estimates for reformulated gasoline pathways by LCA study.

This is substantially larger than the ~ 25 teragrams CH4 per year emissions estimated for the region from inversion models based on atmospheric CH4 concentration data.

The sum of these emission estimates is about 60 teragrams CH4 per year, or ~ 25 % of global natural CH4 emissions.

The GCP's new global carbon budget also incorporates updated land - use emission estimates that significantly revise past land - use change emissions, showing higher emissions prior to 1960, lower emissions between 1960 and 1999, and higher emissions from 1999 through to present.

And as said before, the ice cores measurements at one side and the emissions estimates for the period 1900 - 1960 indicates that nature was a net sink over that period, be it that in some years nature might have been a source, in other years a sink.

Fire emission estimates based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED4s, > www.globalfiredata.org <) updated for 2015 using NASA MODIS active fire data (Figure courtesy Guido van der Werf).

That is all what is needed to know what is happening with CO2 in nature, and that proves that nature was a net sink in the past 50 + years, even including the margins of error in the emission estimates and the CO2 measurements.

Given the importance of CH4 ebullition to overall CH4 fluxes, we only use CH4 emission estimates that incorporate both ebullition and diffusion in further sections of this article (i.e., to estimate the magnitude and controls on fluxes).

A recent study quantified the effects of spatial and temporal sampling resolution on diffusive and ebullitive CH4 emission estimates from 3 shallow boreal lakes and found that low sampling coverage is more likely to lead to underestimates of flux than overestimates (72 % chance of flux underestimation when bubble trap sampling is limited to 1 — 3 days; Wik et al. 2016).

These findings run counter to the common view that low latitude reservoirs (and Amazonian reservoirs in particular) support greater CH4 emission rates than temperate systems (Barros et al. 2011), but are consistent with the recent influx of higher emission estimates from subtropical and temperate ecosystems mentioned above.

Inexplicably, none of the data from those studies was used to develop their Pennsylvania methane emissions estimates.

The authors estimate that diffusive and ebullitive CH4 fluxes should be measured from a minimum of 3 and 11 depth stratified sites on at least 11 and 39 days (respectively) to achieve ± 20 % of the emissions estimated from sampling more intensively (Wik et al. 2016).

The 267 reservoirs whose CO2, CH4, and / or N2O emission estimates we synthesize here cover a collective surface area of over 77,287 km2 (28 reservoirs with unknown surface area), and therefore represent 25 % of global reservoir coverage.

The flux estimates presented in previous sections use available estimates from every reservoir where GHG emissions have been reported (and mean estimates from reservoirs where multiple studies or years of data have been collected), but it is important to note that the spatial and temporal coverage of these emission estimates are highly variable.

Here, we synthesize reservoir CH4, CO2, and N2O emission data with three main objectives: (1) to generate a global estimate of GHG emissions from reservoirs, (2) to identify the best predictors of these emissions, and (3) to consider the effect of methodology on emission estimates.