Same energy flux at the TOA, but quite a different picture for the OHC trends.
Not exact matches
Any temperature change (in °C) divided by any
energy flux (in W / m2) will have the
same unit and thus can be «compared».
As the atmospheric opacity is increased (e.g., 2xCO2), the physical location of the TAU = 1 level will rise to a higher altitude, but the outgoing
flux will still come from the TAU = 1 level since radiation doesn't care about the geometric scale), and the TAU = 1 level will still correspond to the
same temperature (since the solar input
energy is unchanged).
(& we have assumed that the
energy - in
flux is constant) If the new GHG temperature is the
same or higher than the air temp, then there will be NO
energy absorption by radiation by the new GHGs or any other air or GHG molecules.
Any temperature change (in °C) divided by any
energy flux (in W / m2) will have the
same unit and thus can be «compared».
A boundary layer with a higher temperature requires the deeper ocean to have a higher temperature for it to sustain the
same flux (deltaT) through the boundary layer to the atmosphere (the deeper ocean (< 1 mm) still needs to loose the solar
energy or it would start boiling eventually).
However, what happens if you are indeed in thermal equilibrium is that there will always be enough CO2 molecules with sufficient
energy to radiate out at exactly the
same rate as the
flux in.
At equilibrium with cell contents and source at the
same temperature, the spectrophotometer will see the
same blackbody curve and total
energy flux for T whether the cell is evacuated or filled with any gas or mixture of gases.
Temp being linear with the 4th root of the
energy flux, a simply average of Tmax and Tmin doesn't yield the
same number as averaging the 4th root.
Theorem: The steady - state dissipation of a thermodynamic system due to an
energy flux between two isothermal surfaces equals the maximum rate of work possible for a Carnot engine operating between these
same temperatures given the
same energy input.
This is the
same with our
energy flux from the sun.
In practice the latent heat
flux turns out to be the
same as the extra DLR because some of the
energy provided by the DLR to the molecules in the skin goes to address the deficit caused by the extra evaporation induced by the DLR.
Measuring incoming
energy is easy peasy since the sun is a point source so the satellite sensor is illuminated by exactly the
same flux intensity as the earth.
However, the IPCC, in its evaluation of κ, does not follow the rule that in the Stefan - Boltzmann equation the temperature and radiant -
energy flux must be taken at the
same level of the atmosphere.