CMIS represented the state of the art in
satellite microwave radiometers and was intended to continue, with a higher degree of accuracy and resolution, the time series of many fundamental climate variables, including SST and wind, sea ice and snow coverage, soil moisture, and atmospheric moisture (vapor, clouds, and rain).
Not exact matches
RE: Just a little piecprsteve on the credibility of the authors of the study: Study co-author Dr. Roy Spencer, a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and U.S. Science Team Leader for the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer flying on NASA's Aqua
satellite, reports that real - world data from NASA's Terra
satellite contradict multiple assumptions fed into alarmist computer models.
In contrast, the Scripps team opted to directly correlate albedo measurements made by NASA's CERES instrument data with observations of sea ice extent made by the Special Sensor
Microwave Imager (SSM / I)
radiometers aboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
satellites.
The first such map was created in 1992, based on data gathered by the Differential
Microwave Radiometer (DMR), an instrument on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE)
satellite, which NASA launched in 1989.
The
satellite data come from the European Remote Sensing
satellite scatterometers (ERS - 1 and ERS - 2), NASA scatterometers (NSCAT and Seawinds onboard ADEOS - 1 and QuikScat respectively), and several defense Meteorological
Satellite Program (DMSP)
radiometers (Special Sensor
Microwave / Imager [SSM / I] F10 - F15).
This image shows the minimum extent for 2009 as observed by the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer for EOS (AMSR - E), a Japanese sensor flying on NASA's Aqua
satellite.
These were based on U.S. Navy, Canadian and Danish aerial reconnaissance data and from retrievals from advanced very high resolution
radiometer (AVHRR), passive
microwave, and other
satellite instruments
Roy W. Spencer is a well known AGW «Denier» a PHD, U.S., Science Team Leader for the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer (AMSR - E) on NASA's Aqua
satellite, holder of the NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, published in Nature (one of the most prestigious science journals in the world), yet some of his most basic scientific ideas are clearly ridiculous.
Motivated primarily by Mitchum's conclusion, Keihm et al., 2000 (Abstract; Google Scholar access) actively tried to come up with something that could cause a «drift» in the
satellites, and eventually decided that a temporary problem in the «TOPEX
Microwave Radiometer path delay measurements», which stopped in December 1996 could do that.
Microwave radars of the European Remote - Sensing
Satellites (ERS),
radiometers of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and the dual - frequency altimeter TOPEX - POSEIDON have shown their ability to improve the description and location of storms, especially in the case of tropical cyclones for which very few traditional observations exist.
The top image, made from sea ice observations collected by the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer (AMSR - E) Instrument on NASA's Aqua
satellite, shows sea ice extent on September 19, 2010.
Since 1979, scientists have relied on a variety of
satellite sensors, including the Scanning Multichannel
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), the Special Sensor
Microwave / Imager (SSM / I), the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer — Earth Observing System (AMSR - E), and (most recently) the Special Sensor
Microwave Imager / Sounder (SSMIS).
The Advanced
Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR - E), a high - resolution passive microwave Instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite shows the state of Arctic sea ice on September 10 in this image released September
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer (AMSR - E), a high - resolution passive
microwave Instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite shows the state of Arctic sea ice on September 10 in this image released September
microwave Instrument on NASA's Aqua
satellite shows the state of Arctic sea ice on September 10 in this image released September 16, 2008.
This figure is an overlay of a lightning stroke map from WWLLN (black circles) and 91 - gigahertz brightness temperatures provided by the Special Sensor
Microwave Imager / Sounder (SSMIS)
radiometer on the low - orbit
satellite DMSP F - 18.
Currently a principal research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, he also «serves as the U.S. Science Team Leader for the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer for EOS... flying on NASA's Aqua
satellite.»
The primary sources of the post-1972 data are the hemispheric fields of sea - ice concentration from (1) the U.S. National Ice Center (NIC), whose weekly grids (derived primarily from
satellite data) span the period 1972 - 1994, and (2) the
satellite passive -
microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and other
microwave grids from the Scanning Multichannel
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and other
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) / Special Sensor
Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and other
Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) period, 1978 - 97 (Parkinson and others, 1999).
The 2012 map was compiled from observations by the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer 2 (AMSR - 2) sensor on the Global Change Observation Mission 1st — Water («Shizuku»)
satellite, which is operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA).
NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen, using data from the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer 2 AMSR - 2 sensor on the Global Change Observation Mission 1st - Water (GCOM - W1)
satellite.
The
microwave radiometers on the Nimbus - 7
satellite pick up these differences.
The 1984 image was made from observations by the Scanning Multichannel
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on the Nimbus - 7
satellite.
Note: The Sea Ice Index input data comes from the passive
microwave instrument on the DMSP satellites, but IMS uses the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) instrument on the Aqua satellite from 2002
microwave instrument on the DMSP
satellites, but IMS uses the Advanced
Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) instrument on the Aqua satellite from 2002
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) instrument on the Aqua
satellite from 2002 to 2011.
To monitor Arctic sea ice, NSIDC primarily has used the NASA Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer — Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) instrument on the NASA Aqua
satellite and the Special Sensor
Microwave / Imager (SSM / I) instrument on the Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program (DMSP)
satellite.
Useful
satellite data concerning sea ice began in late 1978 with the launch of NASA's Scanning Multichannel
Microwave Radiometer (SMMR)
satellite.
The animation was made with measurements taken by the Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer — EOS (AMSR - E) on NASA's Aqua
satellite between March 7 and September 9.
Temperature sounding
microwave radiometers flown on polar - orbiting weather
satellites provide a long - term, global - scale record of upper - atmosphere temperatures, beginning in late 1978 and continuing to the present.
For example, the NASA Advanced
Microwave Scanning
Radiometer — Earth Observing System (AMSR - E) could fill in some missing data because it has a smaller pole hole than other
satellites.