Distribution of scores in mathematics in PISA 2003 through 2012, by percentiles PISA 2012 Change in percentiles between 2003 and 2012 (PISA 2012 — PISA 2003) Percentiles 10th 25th 75th 90th 10th 25th 75th 90th Score Score Score Score
Score dif.
Not exact matches
Using IRT
DIF Methods to Evaluate the Validity of
Score Gains.
Logistic discriminant function analysis for
DIF identification of polytomously
scored items
Reise and Waller37 suggest that the presence of item - level
DIF does not necessarily lead to bias at the level of scale
scores.