Sentences with phrase «sea ice distribution in»

Not exact matches

El Niño causes higher sea level pressure, warmer air temperature and warmer sea surface temperature in west Antarctica that affect sea ice distribution.

The study, published this month in the journal Diversity and Distributions, is one of the first to consider the indirect effects of sea ice loss on Arctic species that dwell near the ice, but don't necessarily depend on it for survival.

Few studies have described the distribution and behaviour of krill in the coastal waters of the Antarctic Peninsula in autumn [3], [4], when adult krill are believed to migrate inshore to overwinter under the shelter of sea ice [5], [6].

«The authors show that phytoplankton plays a role in the vertical distribution of solar energy reaching the Arctic Ocean,» Mar Fernández - Méndez, a sea - ice biologist at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Biology, in Bremen, Germany, said.

First, we expect the ice thickness distribution in April 30 from redistribution (divergence / convergence) of sea ice during December and April, based on the daily ice velocity data.

We call this the Charney climate sensitivity, because it is essentially the case considered by Charney (1979), in which water vapor, clouds and sea ice were allowed to change in response to climate change, but GHG (greenhouse gas) amounts, ice sheet area, sea level and vegetation distributions were taken as specified boundary conditions.

The main feedbacks between climate and the ice sheet arise from changes in ice elevation, atmospheric and ocean circulation, and sea - ice distribution.

Zhang, J., D. R. Thomas, D. A. Rothrock, R. W. Lindsay, Y. Yu, and R. Kwok (2003), Assimilation of ice motion observations and comparisons with submarine ice thickness data, J.Geophys.Res., 108 (C6), 3170, DOI: 3110.1029 / 2001JC001041 Zhang, J., and D. A. Rothrock (2003), Modeling global sea ice with a thickness and enthalpy distribution model in generalized curvilinear coordinates, Monthly Weather Review, 131 (5), 845 - 861.

There are fast feedback changes in some things (e.g. sea ice), and longer - continuing changes in other things (e.g. the Antarctic cap ice; ocean circulation; plankton species frequency and distribution; ocean pH; terrestrial rainfall and erosion).

Numerous denier arguments involving slight fluctuations in the global distribution of warmer vs cooler sea surface areas as supposed explanations of climate change neglect all the energy that goes into ocean heat content, melting large ice deposits and so forth.

Given that impacts don't scale linearly — that's true both because of the statistics of normal distributions, which imply that (damaging) extremes become much more frequent with small shifts in the mean, and because significant breakpoints such as melting points for sea ice, wet - bulb temperatures too high for human survival, and heat tolerance for the most significant human food crops are all «in play» — the model forecasts using reasonable emissions inputs ought to be more than enough for anyone using sensible risk analysis to know that we making very bad choices right now.

Changes in SST distribution is what one gets from starting / stopping North Atlantic Current components in Labrador and Greenland Seas, capping with sea ice, etc. 4.

The magnitude and spatial distribution of the high - latitude climate changes can be strongly affected by sea ice characteristics, but evaluation of sea ice in models is hampered by insufficient observations of some key variables (e.g., ice thickness)(see Section 4.4).

The animation below of the sea ice concentration chart from Cryosphere Today shows changes in ice distribution from 31 December 2010 to 22 March 2011 in 5 day steps.

This year, the IceBridge Arctic sea ice campaign collected data in late March and early April, and provided data to NSIDC for distribution shortly thereafter.

Arctic sea ice extent reconstruction - Kinnard et al. 2011 Sea ice albedo feedback - NASA Polar jet stream - NC State University Greenland ice sheet surface melt - NASA Permafrost distribution in the Arctic - GRID - Arendal Atmospheric methane concentration - NOAA ESRL Russia plants flag at North Pole - Reutsea ice extent reconstruction - Kinnard et al. 2011 Sea ice albedo feedback - NASA Polar jet stream - NC State University Greenland ice sheet surface melt - NASA Permafrost distribution in the Arctic - GRID - Arendal Atmospheric methane concentration - NOAA ESRL Russia plants flag at North Pole - ReutSea ice albedo feedback - NASA Polar jet stream - NC State University Greenland ice sheet surface melt - NASA Permafrost distribution in the Arctic - GRID - Arendal Atmospheric methane concentration - NOAA ESRL Russia plants flag at North Pole - Reuters

River runoff, sea ice meltwater, and Pacific water distribution and mean residence times in the Arctic Ocean.

The environmental changes brought on by ocean acidification could pose a significant threat to Arctic ecosystems that are already facing challenges from changes in sea ice distribution, warming and increased freshwater discharge.

For the energy we have is used for a variety of purposes: warming of the seas, ice melting, air heating, weather, life, etc. — but the distribution of the energy used in the different areas is not the same all the time.

As of this writing, there is observational and modeling evidence that: 1) both annular modes are sensitive to month - to - month and year - to - year variability in the stratospheric flow (see section on Stratosphere / troposphere coupling, below); 2) both annular modes have exhibited long term trends which may reflect the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion and / or increased greenhouse gases (see section on Climate Change, below); and 3) the NAM responds to changes in the distribution of sea - ice over the North Atlantic sector.

To name just a few of the climate impacts of the annular modes: the NAM is associated with large anomalies in surface temperatures and precipitation across North American and Eurasia, in the distribution of sea - ice throughout the Arctic, in sea - surface temperatures over the North Atlantic, and in the spatial distribution ozone in the lower stratosphere.

Previous research has shown that global warming will cause changes in ocean temperatures, sea ice extent, salinity, and oxygen levels, among other impacts, that are likely to lead to significant shifts in the distribution range and productivity of marine species, the study notes.

«This record is the first evidence that carbon dioxide may be linked with environmental changes, such as changes in the terrestrial ecosystem, distribution of ice, sea level and monsoon intensity.»

It is unfortunate that maps of multi-year sea ice distribution for 2010 derived from QuikSCAT (provided by Nghiem) are no longer available to compare with sea ice age calculations, as in previous years.

Researchers at CIRES» National Snow and Ice Data Center [About NSIDC] investigate the dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouIce Data Center [About NSIDC] investigate the dynamics of Antarctic ice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouice shelves, new techniques for the remote sensing of snow and freeze / thaw cycle of soils, the role of snow in hydrologic modeling, linkages between changes in sea ice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouice extent and weather patterns, large - scale shifts in polar climate, river and lake ice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen grouice, and the distribution and characteristics of seasonally and permanently frozen ground.

Abstract Increased land use by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) due to climate - change - induced reduction of their sea - ice habitat illustrates the impact of climate change on species distributions and the difficulty of conserving a large, highly specialized carnivore in the face of this global threat.

Xiao, X., Fahl, K., Müller, J. & Stein, R. Sea - ice distribution in the modern Arctic Ocean: biomarker records from Trans - Arctic Ocean surface sediments.

The ensemble consists of seven members each of which uses a unique set of NCEP / NCAR atmospheric forcing fields from recent years, representing recent climate, such that ensemble member 1 uses 2005 NCEP / NCAR forcing, member 2 uses 2006 forcing..., and member 7 uses 2011 forcing... In addition, the recently available IceBridge and helicopter - based electromagnetic (HEM) ice thickness quicklook data are assimilated into the initial 12 - category sea ice thickness distribution fields in order to improve the initial conditions for the predictionIn addition, the recently available IceBridge and helicopter - based electromagnetic (HEM) ice thickness quicklook data are assimilated into the initial 12 - category sea ice thickness distribution fields in order to improve the initial conditions for the predictionin order to improve the initial conditions for the predictions.

Shifts in the spatial distribution and extent of sea ice will alter the spatial overlap of predators and their prey.

The overall distribution of ice is similar in both years with more extensive ice in the East Siberian Sea and more open water in the Laptev Sea.

The distribution of the responses for how much sea ice will remain in September 2008 is:

Some skill in predictability is possible based on the sea ice thickness distribution in spring.

- To investigate how a more realistic representation of sea ice drift affects the simulation of freshwater mass distribution in the Arctic Ocean.

Sea ice deformations also impact melting and freezing in leads, ridging and sea ice circulation, which are key players in determining sea ice mass balance and age, and freshwater mass distribution in the Arctic OceSea ice deformations also impact melting and freezing in leads, ridging and sea ice circulation, which are key players in determining sea ice mass balance and age, and freshwater mass distribution in the Arctic Ocesea ice circulation, which are key players in determining sea ice mass balance and age, and freshwater mass distribution in the Arctic Ocesea ice mass balance and age, and freshwater mass distribution in the Arctic Ocean.

One very interesting bit of extra information the UW's Polar Science Center has shared this month, is how both PIOMAS (model) and CryoSat (satellite observations) are in agreement with each other when it comes to sea ice volume distribution.

Schliebe, S., K. D. Rode, J. S. Gleason, J. Wilder, K. Proffitt, T. J. Evans, and S. Miller, 2008: Effects of sea ice extent and food availability on spatial and temporal distribution of polar bears during the fall open - water period in the Southern Beaufort Ssea ice extent and food availability on spatial and temporal distribution of polar bears during the fall open - water period in the Southern Beaufort SeaSea.

Because the incoming and the outgoing flows, warm and cold respectively, lie side ‐ by ‐ side between Greenland and Scandinavia, an asymmetry is induced in the distribution of ice - cover on the Arctic Ocean; this is generally dense to the west of Fram Strait while, to the east of Spitzbergen, much of the Barents Sea — at similar latitudes — remains ice ‐ free even in winter due the eastward flow of warm Atlantic water.

In the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, ice distribution mimicks the Beaufort Gyre circulation pattern with advection of ice from the high Canadian Arctic into the Beaufort Sea and export of ice northward in the Chukchi SeIn the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, ice distribution mimicks the Beaufort Gyre circulation pattern with advection of ice from the high Canadian Arctic into the Beaufort Sea and export of ice northward in the Chukchi Sein the Chukchi Sea.

My own view is that the initiating mechanism is not small shifts in insolation hitting some kind of trigger related to snow albedo (the land - sea snow - ice area is relatively small compared to potential shifts in cloud amount and spatial distribution)-- rather it is shifts in global winds which likely relate to shifts in the jetstream (linked to...?

Zhang, J., A. Schweiger, M. Steele, and H. Stern, Sea ice floe size distribution in the marginal ice zone: Theory and numerical experiments, J. Geophys.

In addition, we discuss why this recent rapid retreat of Arctic summer sea ice might largely be a consequence of a slow shift in ice - thickness distribution, which will lead to strongly increased year - to - year variability of the Arctic summer sea - ice extenIn addition, we discuss why this recent rapid retreat of Arctic summer sea ice might largely be a consequence of a slow shift in ice - thickness distribution, which will lead to strongly increased year - to - year variability of the Arctic summer sea - ice extenin ice - thickness distribution, which will lead to strongly increased year - to - year variability of the Arctic summer sea - ice extent.

He is interested in developing next - generation sea ice models which capture anisotropic nature of ice dynamics / mechanics and explicitly simulate both ice thickness distribution and floe size distribution jointly.

El Niño causes higher sea level pressure, warmer air temperature and warmer sea surface temperature in west Antarctica that affect sea ice distribution.

Reductions in winter sea - ice will affect the reproduction, growth and development of fish, krill, and their predators, including seals and seal - dependent polar bears (e.g., Barber and Iacozza, 2004; Box 4.3), leading to further changes in abundance and distribution of marine species (Chapter 15, Section 15.4.3).