As Bryce points out,
shale natural gas wells deplete at a very fast rate: «The new shale gas wells... have steep decline curves, meaning that output from some wells may fall by 80 to 90 percent during the first year of production.»
Not exact matches
It recently flowed the highest volume of
natural gas ever from a
well in the Montney
shale formation in B.C. and Alberta.
On the
shale revolution, the report concedes that energy prices for U.S. businesses might
well rise if Washington decides to lift an old prohibition to export
natural gas to countries who haven't signed a free trade agreement with the U.S. (which includes Japan and China, among America's
best potential customers.)
A lot of activity the past few days in Pennsylvania: home of the Marcellus
shale, arguably the world's
best - performing unconventional
natural gas and liquids play right now.
In its highly anticipated Annual Energy Outlook 2018, the agency forecasts that the U.S. will become a net exporter of energy by as early as 2022, thanks in large part to the boom in
shale oil and liquefied
natural gas (LNG) production as
well as the relaxation of export restrictions.
Fracturing a
natural gas well requires millions of gallons of water mixed with sand and chemicals to release
gas from the
shale formation thousands of feet below the earth's surface.
Hydrofracking is the process of extracting
natural gas from
shale rock by blasting a mix of water and chemicals at high pressure into underground
wells.
A US study from 2011 showed high levels of methane in water
wells close to
shale gas wells, but has been criticised for lacking data on levels of background
natural methane in the water.
For the hydraulic fracturing system, the study estimated the toxicity of the fracturing fluid chemicals used to crack rock and release
natural gas, as
well as the wastewater associated with
shale -
gas extraction.
COVER
Natural gas extracted from a deep
shale formation by hydraulic fracturing («fracking») technology burns at a
well in Bradford County, Pennsylvania.
The
shale, named for the town of Eagle Ford, TX, is a geologic remnant of the ancient ocean that covered present day Texas millions of years ago, when the remains of sea life (especially ancient plankton) died and deposited onto the seafloor, were buried by several hundred feet of sediment, eventually turning into the rich source of hydrocarbons we have today.The
shale was first tapped in 2008 and now has around 20 active fields
good producing over 900 million cubic feet per day of
natural gas.
This method can help
natural gas experts to
better understand
shale samples by examining the compositional distribution on porous surfaces inside the
shales that directly influences the storage and transport of hydrocarbons.
We worry that the country's 82,000 fracking
wells, which push
natural gas out of underground
shale, may create environmental catastrophe.
«With increasing
shale gas fracking and many countries» interest in displacing coal generation with
natural gas due to the lower greenhouse
gas emissions,
natural gas use seems
well poised to grow,» the report states.
Natural deposits of helium
gas —
best known for its use in party balloons — could help aid the safe production of
shale or coal
gas, research suggests.
The illustration displayed here explains the conventional, vertical
well method of extracting
natural gas, and the unconventional, more recent method of extracting
natural gas in
shale via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing.
Hydraulic fracturing, or «fracking,» is a petroleum - extraction procedure in which millions of gallons of water (as
well as sand and chemicals) are injected deep into underground
shale beds to crack the rock and release
natural gas and oil.
Schwietzke said it's also important to account for the emissions from all the fossil fuels that are produced in a given
shale gas field because many
wells produce oil,
natural gas and other hydrocarbons.
To determine emissions rates at
natural gas fields in Pennsylvania's Marcellus
shale gas fields, the researchers used emissions data gathered from an airplane that flew over
natural gas wells in southwest Pennsylvania in June 2012, some of which were in the process of being drilled.
He said regulators have always thought that there are few emissions during the drilling process, but when drilling rigs drill through
shale layers containing a lot of
natural gas, a pressure pulse will send
gas out of the
well and into the atmosphere.
The Howarth paper, «Methane and the greenhouse -
gas footprint of
natural gas from
shale formations,» had estimated that leakage of
gas from hydraulic fracturing operations (given that
natural gas is mainly methane, a potent heat - trapping substance) and other factors made the climate impact of
gas from such
wells substantially worse than that of coal, measured per unit of energy.
The Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration has posted a short update on trends in
natural gas production in the United States that's worth noting simply because it illustrates the profound nature of the energy transitions that are being propelled by the exploitation of
shale deposits using hydraulic fracturing, known
best as fracking, along with horizontal drilling.
The advantage of
natural gas applies whether it comes from a
shale gas well or a conventional
gas well.
Indeed, the report challenges a common belief that America's dramatic
natural gas boom — made possible by the hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, of
shale gas wells — is the main factor in the decline of energy - related emissions.
According to the
Natural Gas Annual, gross withdrawals from shale gas wells increased from 5 Bcf / d in 2007 to 33 Bcf / d in 2013, representing 40 % of total natural gas production, and surpassing production from nonshale natural gas
Natural Gas Annual, gross withdrawals from shale gas wells increased from 5 Bcf / d in 2007 to 33 Bcf / d in 2013, representing 40 % of total natural gas production, and surpassing production from nonshale natural gas wel
Gas Annual, gross withdrawals from
shale gas wells increased from 5 Bcf / d in 2007 to 33 Bcf / d in 2013, representing 40 % of total natural gas production, and surpassing production from nonshale natural gas wel
gas wells increased from 5 Bcf / d in 2007 to 33 Bcf / d in 2013, representing 40 % of total
natural gas production, and surpassing production from nonshale natural gas
natural gas production, and surpassing production from nonshale natural gas wel
gas production, and surpassing production from nonshale
natural gas
natural gas wel
gas wells.
It's
well documented that fracking to produce
shale gas generates fugitive methane, which is the main component of
natural gas.
Then a mixture, commonly known as fracking fluid, of water (90 percent), sand (9.5 percent) and chemicals (0.5 percent) is pumped into the
well under high pressure to create micro-fractures in the
shale and free the
natural gas or oil.
Modern hydraulic fracturing combined with horizontal drilling allows multiple
wells to be drilled from one spot, reducing the size of the drilling area above ground by as much as 90 percent.4 Fracking is the key to unlocking vast U.S.
shale resources, freeing up oil and
natural gas that previously was inaccessible while protecting groundwater supplies and the environment.
The rise of
shale gas has had an environmental benefit as
well — greatly reduced carbon dioxide emissions, because generating electricity by burning
natural gas emits less than half as much carbon dioxide as burning coal.
The ability to drill horizontal oil and
gas wells and to «frack»
shale by injecting pressurized sand and chemicals into the rock has enabled a huge boom in
natural -
gas production over the past decade.
Fracking allows for the cheap extraction of
natural gas from
shale deposits that were previously inaccessible, and it is responsible for both the boom in
natural gas production as
well as the correlate controversy.
The part of these resources that become economically recoverable resources will depend on the market price of
natural gas from foreign sources, including both pipeline
gas and liquefied
natural gas, as
well as the capital and operating costs and productivity of
shale gas production within China.
The process of extracting
natural gas from
shale deposits includes hydraulic fracturing, during which fluids and solids are pumped into the
well.
Meanwhile, numerous industry efforts are underway to further exploit stressed public lands and perpetuate fossil - fuel dependence through the extraction of coal, oil and
gas, oil
shale and tar sands, and liquefied
natural gas development — as
well as uranium mining and milling and the construction of energy corridors and long - distance electric transmission lines.
Trump has repeatedly promised to «free up the coal» and save this struggling industry that faces both economic competition from cheaper
natural gas (also called
shale gas) as
well as new regulations designed to reduce air toxins and carbon emissions linked to climate change.
A
good example is a story that we at TreeHugger have been following (often using ProPublica as a source):
Natural gas production from
shale, and its effect on our water supplies.
Historically, fracturing in California has been used in vertical
wells — not in combination with the horizontal drilling techniques that have wrested oil from North Dakota's Bakken and
natural gas from the Barnett
shale of Texas or Marcellus
shale in Pennsylvania.
Natural gas from
shale has the potential to generate many thousands of highly skilled
well paid jobs.