Sentences with phrase «small effects early»

Not exact matches

Additional uncertainty in these calculations arises from the assumption that a 10 per cent GST has the same effect on the retail price as a 10 per cent WST, even though the WST is levied at an earlier stage of production and therefore represents a smaller amount of tax for a given tax rate.

Small value does best in the first early phases of a bull market, which is the kind of the data mine in the small cap efSmall value does best in the first early phases of a bull market, which is the kind of the data mine in the small cap efsmall cap effect.

Producer price inflation also moderated over the year, particularly at the earlier stages of production (Graph 70), even though the effect of movements in oil prices was fairly small over this period.

Each bill you pay on time will give a small boost to your business's credit score, and you can increase this effect by paying bills early whenever possible.

Indeed, one can argue that this early, excruciating experience of existential anxiety and humiliated pride — Mantel's awareness of her own inadequacy and her never - forgotten failure to discharge a responsibility laid too soon on her small shoulders, in effect, to defend the indefensible — conditions her identification, in later life, with Thomas Cromwell.

Also there is evidence of molecular mechanisms in the cell membranes that can amplify small changes in the field to produce large changes in neural activity.13 On the other hand, earlier tests of Kohler's theory found that interference with electrical gradients over the cortex had no effect on behavioral measures (see note 11 for reference to these studies).

Although some SIDS experts and policy - makers endorse pacifier use recommendations that are similar to those of the AAP, 272,273 concerns about possible deleterious effects of pacifier use have prevented others from making a recommendation for pacifier use as a risk reduction strategy.274 Although several observational studies275, — , 277 have found a correlation between pacifiers and reduced breastfeeding duration, the results of well - designed randomized clinical trials indicated that pacifiers do not seem to cause shortened breastfeeding duration for term and preterm infants.278, 279 The authors of 1 study reported a small deleterious effect of early pacifier introduction (2 — 5 days after birth) on exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month of age and on overall breastfeeding duration (defined as any breastfeeding), but early pacifier use did not adversely affect exclusive breastfeeding duration.

Making the earlier year's number larger and the later year's number smaller has the effect of reducing the difference between the two.

The team also see the effect of those smaller galaxies, in some cases spiralling into the larger galaxy early in its history, in a process that could have created large spiral discs.

To compensate, companies, in effect, outsourced early - stage research to smaller specialty pharmaceutical and biotech companies.

«In earlier studies either very rare variants with big effects or common variants, which usually only have small effects, could be analysed.

One of the most important ways they're doing this is by, in effect, outsourcing early - stage research and development to smaller pharma and biotech companies.

In early studies, the researchers also tested aspartame — by far the most widely used soft drink sweetener — but the observed effect was smaller, and they dropped it.

However, the study did not prove a cause - and - effect link between earlier mammograms and smaller tumors and less aggressive treatment.

3:20 — Why as a doctor, he doesn't want to see his patients all the time 4:30 — The frustration that doctors face 5:20 — Why stress can be good and why we need it 5:45 — The physiological effects of too much stress 6:30 — How stress impacts fertility and memory 6:55 — The continued effects of stress on the body 7:50 — How to become more resilient to stress and how stress is like a light switch 8:28 — How to turn stress on and off 9:02 — Tips to Practically reduce stress (Book: The Relaxation Revolution) 9:45 — What is the relaxation response 10:20 — How to activate your relaxation response to deal with stress 12:45 — What happens when your body doesn't recognize stress 16:15 — What causes chronic pain 17:10 — Pain is all in the brain 17:45 — The biology of pain vs. the mental side of pain 20:00 — The core four for reducing stress and pain: Movement, Eating Right, Mindset, Avoiding Problems 24:00 — Understanding the mindset of doctors 28:00 — The frustration of the current medical system 32:00 — The shocking statistic on how a small percentage of the population is using 95 % of healthcare resources 35:00 — The seven questions you should know the answers to before you see your doctor 38:00 — Health advice Kevin wishes he had gotten earlier in life 41:15 — Kevin's recommended books and resources (and see below)

Earlier research of the flavonoids» positive effects, especially anthocyanidins, are restricted to very small studies in older individuals or animal models, but have revealed that cognitive function is improved with greater intake of foods with these compounds.

While the International Journal of Biomedical Science study found that it was «reasonable» to describe maca as having beneficial effects and allowing for a «substantial reduction of menopausal discomfort» on a small sample of early - postmenopausal women, the study also stated there was a definite placebo effect, so «further, more complex» research was needed.

«These results suggest that phytoestrogens can interfere with the normal estrogen feedback mechanisms with respect to release of gonadotropin in the ewe... although most studies into the effects of phytoestrogens have concentrated on changes in the reproductive tract, there are indications that they interfere with the hormone balance between the ovaries and the hypothalamo - adenohypophysical system... ewes on phytoestrogens have shown follicular abnormalities such as numerous small follicles, deficient antrum formation and signs of early atresia... it is possible that the permanent changes brought about by phytoestrogens in the brain are a result of these compounds interacting with estrogen receptors in this tissue, and subsequently influencing the re-synthesis or replenishment of cyto - plasmic estrogen receptors... phytoestrogens can interfere with the delicate feedback mechanisms involved in the release of the gonadotrophins.»

While these studies suggest beneficial effects, they both studied healthy young adults (in their early 20s1, 2), had very small sample sizes (one study had 10 participants2, the other had 201), and used volunteers as study participants.1, 2 All of these factors decreases the chances that the results can be generalized to all people who engage in exercise.

it's only to point that i recently read on a book that defends Dukan's diet wrote by a MD that happens to have only one kidney since he was a child, and he links the occurence of kidney stones in those children of the early ketogenic studies to the prevailing idea of water in those days, ie, that water should be consumed in small amounts because it was thougth to provoque interferences with ketonic bodies production, and that was though to lessen their positive effects

Teach First will not be effected by the new recruitment rules and will be managed separately, as will early years initial teacher training courses and small - scale programmes such as Troops to Teachers.

To be precise, the proposition is this: any effects from adopting new standards and attempting to change curriculum and instruction to conform to those standards occur early and are small in magnitude.

To eliminate the effects of any chance differences in performance caused by other observable characteristics, our analysis takes into account students» age, gender, race, and eligibility for the free lunch program; whether they had been assigned to a small class; and whether they were assigned to a teacher of the same race — which earlier research using these same data found to have a large positive effect on student performance (see «The Race Connection,» Spring 2004).

For example, the Gates Foundation's small school reforms were widely panned as a flop in early reviews relying on student test scores, but a number of later rigorous studies showed (sometimes substantial) positive effects on outcomes such as graduation and college enrollment.

However, we believe it is still too early to provide a robust assessment of the progress and attainment of free school pupils due to the small number of free schools which currently have Key Stage 4 results available, especially as sensitivity analysis has indicated that the way schools and pupils are matched has a substantial effect on results.

Again led by Stephanie Jones and Nonie Lesaux, this smaller group of 100 early educators were challenged to review the current landscape of Early Education practice and policy, and the effects of increasing diversity, exposure to stressors, and the need for enhanced communication and problem - solving skearly educators were challenged to review the current landscape of Early Education practice and policy, and the effects of increasing diversity, exposure to stressors, and the need for enhanced communication and problem - solving skEarly Education practice and policy, and the effects of increasing diversity, exposure to stressors, and the need for enhanced communication and problem - solving skills.

The Effect of Attending a Small Class in the Early Grades on College - Test Taking and Middle School Test Results: Evidence from Project Star,

The researchers of this evaluation find that this large effect is driven by even larger significant, negative effects for students who started in earlier grades — first through third grades — and somewhat smaller nonsignificant, negative effects for students who started in later grades: fourth through sixth.19

For Detroit, losing the three German luxury brands — on top of earlier departures by some smaller manufacturers — threatens to create a domino effect, with fewer journalists deciding to attend and then even more brands reconsidering the investment required to be there.

Senate debate of the small business tax bill early next month will include consideration of amendments to repeal or amend this requirement before it goes into effect.

A significant percentage of your RESP may be in equities when your child is young, but that is when the account will be smallest, so your rate of return is not likely to have a large effect during these early years.

Gary Burtless has written about the possible effects of increasing both the earliest eligibility age and the normal retirement age, stating that «most recent research suggests the effect of increasing the normal retirement age on labor force participation will probably be small.

As a successful small business owner and early retiree, my life is a good example of the cause and effect between the daily practice of mindfulness and personal finances.

But other than the effects of uterine horn position that I discussed earlier, the whole litter, not just one, will be small.

It may be that the effects of general breeding practices were exacerbated in numerically small breeds (VNBs) in earlier years and that the increased availability of breeding stock from outside the UK from 2000 onwards provided a much needed injection of genetic diversity.

The collection continues to grow, and, together with select additions, now holds over 100 Hartley drawings, two small early paintings, memorabilia such as souvenirs from his travels, ephemera including letters and exhibition programs, personal effects, and many photographs.

«Anaya wrote the book in the early «70s, during Vietnam, so it's also timely in terms of a nation involved in a war and its effect on a small town.»

Early in 1940 we managed to find a small house and for the next three years... I was not able to carve at all... the only sculptures I carried out were some small plaster maquettes for the second «sculpture with colour», and it was not until 1943, when we moved to another house, that I was able to carve this idea... In St Ives I was fortunate enough to have constant contact with artists and writers and craftsmen who lived there, Ben Nicholson my husband, Naum Gabo, Bernard Leach, Adrian Stokes, and there was a steady stream of visitors from London who came for a few days rest, and who contributed in a great measure to the important exchange of ideas and stimulus to creative activity... It was during this time that I gradually discovered the remarkable pagan landscape which lies between St Ives, Penzance and Land's End; a landscape which still has a very deep effect on me, developing all my ideas about the relationship of the human figure in landscape - sculpture in landscape and the essential quality of light in relation to sculpture which induced a new way of piercing the forms to contain colour... The sea, a flat diminishing plane, held within itself the capacity to radiate an infinitude of blues, greys, greens and even pinks of strange hues; the lighthouse and its strange rocky island was an eye; the Island of St Ives an arm, a hand, a face... I used colour and strings in many of the carvings of this time.

The GHE could only start to dominate the temperature trend in the latter part of the 20thC (earlier «trends» are due to natural forcings with a small GHE effect).

This confirms that our impact on the climate began just decades after we started burning fossil fuels — about 180 years earlier than traditional climate change graphs have shown — and that even the smallest amount of carbon dioxide can have an effect on how fast global temperatures increase.

In addition, they indicate that «a lack of developmental deformities at early stages for pCO2 ~ 1000 ppm has been previously reported for this species...» And they say «there are even reports that survival is increased in this species and its congener S. droebachiensis under some low pH conditions...»... conclude, that «the effects of small magnitude in these urchin larvae are indicative of a potential resilience to near - future levels of ocean acidification.»»

The role of unforced natural variations is not well known for the early years, but their net effect from 1950 to the present can be concluded to be small based on observed increases in ocean heat content that preclude a major exit of heat from the oceans onto the surface and atmosphere.

So, if there was any effect by the steam release just days earlier, it appears to be so small as to be impossible to detect.

Whereas in the earlier time periods, the shorter - lived trees will poderate this effect, the inadvertant «cherry - picking» combined with the small number of cores in the makes sample makes it a much harder estimation problem.

It is wise to start planning finances early because if you begin saving when you are younger, even smaller amounts ultimately lead to higher savings due to the compounding effect therein.

After all, the early primaries can be decided by a relatively small number of voters, and mobilizing particular groups can have a decisive effect.

In Denver, low - resource families who received home visiting showed modest benefits in children's language and cognitive development.102 In Elmira, only the intervention children whose mothers smoked cigarettes before the experiment experienced cognitive benefits.103 In Memphis, children of mothers with low psychological resources104 in the intervention group had higher grades and achievement test scores at age nine than their counterparts in the control group.105 Early Head Start also identified small, positive effects on children's cognitive abilities, though the change was for the program as a whole and not specific to home - visited families.106 Similarly, IHDP identified large cognitive effects at twenty - four and thirty - six months, but not at twelve months, so the effects can not be attributed solely to home - visiting services.107

Effects were more consistent on physical abuse, however, with mothers in the treatment group reporting fewer instances of very serious physical abuse at one year and fewer instances of serious abuse at two years.54 In Alaska, the HFA program was associated with less psychological aggression, but it had no effects for neglect or severe abusive behaviors.55 Similarly, in the San Diego evaluation of HFA, home - visited mothers reported less use of psychological aggression at twenty - four and thirty - six months.56 Early Start also reported small effects in terms of lowering rates of severe physical abuse.57

The effect was small, but was identified in the whole program group, instead of only in a smaller subgroup.86 In Memphis, more positive interactions were observed in the subgroup of women who possessed low psychological resources.87 Likewise, home - visited mothers in Early Head Start were rated as more supportive during play with their children than controls, though the effect was small.88 Maternal sensitivity was also examined in Hawaii Healthy Start, the Healthy Families evaluations in San Diego and Alaska, and the Comprehensive Child Development Program, though none identified significant effects.

In the Infant Health and Development program, mothers in the intervention group engaged in higher - quality interactions with their infants, though the effects were small.82 In New Zealand, Early Start documented higher positive parenting attitudes, a greater prevalence of nonpunitive attitudes, and more favorable overall parenting scores for families in the treatment group.83 In Queensland, mothers in the intervention group were rated as significantly higher in emotional and verbal responsivity.84