The effects of place may also vary with individual and households
characteristics.2 This is reflected in an urban excess of CMD only among those who were economically inactive, 51 variation in suicide rates with area level and individual
socioeconomic factors, particularly unemployment, 52,53 and interaction between ethnicity and urban / rural location in the association with depressive symptoms among those living in poverty in the USA.54 Thus, place may only
affect those with specific vulnerabilities.13