Sentences with phrase «spatial change at»

Not exact matches

One possibility: time is just another spatial dimension except at the beginning of space and time This is perhaps like formation of an ice crystal or alignment of magnetic domains, a phase change in which time becomes timelike.

I shall suggest below that a more useful strategy than either of these extremes lies in focusing on religious changes over a period of several decades and involving at least several levels of spatial organization.

We all in practice assume that, when speakers raise their hands, thereby (among other things) changing the spatial location of the electrons in them, they do so because they decided to do so; or, if we take the speaker's hand gestures to be involuntary, we at least assume that they occurred because of points the speaker had decided to make.

His research is located at the intersection of social and spatial mobility, urbanisation and agrarian change, state policy, and popular politics.

«Ecological Impacts of Climate Change: The Importance of Temporal and Spatial Synchrony» by Christopher K. Wilke, Curators» Distinguished Professor of Statistics at the University of Missouri

He also organized a symposium on Spatial Tools to Address Climate Change Impacts at the 69th Annual Meeting of the Northeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.

That is changing, says Nora Newcombe, a professor of psychology at Temple University and principal investigator of the Spatial Intelligence and Learning Center.

The results indicate that although land - use change is currently considered as the major driver of pollinator declines in Europe, climate is the most important factor limiting the distribution of pollinators at large spatial scales.

Spatial fingerprints of climate change on biotic communities are usually associated with changes in the distribution of species at their latitudinal or altitudinal extremes.

Emanuel and his colleagues had previously devised a technique to simulate hurricane development in a changing climate, using a specialized computational model they developed that simulates hurricanes at high spatial resolutions.

Additionally, there were also regional differences in the spatial patterns of change trend in the ARNC temperature at a given time.

Krist et al. (2014) suggest that expected climate changes would increase pathogen and insect risks to forests beyond those mapped in Figure 4 - 9 or, at a minimum, alter the spatial patterns of risk.

Several previous analyses of tide gauge records1, 2,3,4,5,6 — employing different methods to accommodate the spatial sparsity and temporal incompleteness of the data and to constrain the geometry of long - term sea - level change — have concluded that GMSL rose over the twentieth century at a mean rate of 1.6 to 1.9 millimetres per year.

Contours show spatial and spectral changes observed over 4 years time as shocks expand into interstellar gas and dust (more at CXC).

Time brings about a perceptible spatial change as the center of the picture subtly expands, the way space twists when an object moves through it at the speed of light.

Since climate is related to expectations — which differ enormously from place to place — anomalies allow you to look at similar levels of impacts and spatial coherence of the changes much more clearly.

As for additional topics, perhaps a brief explanation on why confidence in attribution (and prediction) of temperature change is strongest at large scales and weakest at small scales, ie something about the issue of signal to noise relative to spatial scale.

There is a lot of evidence already of behavioural «adaptation» (at least changes in spatial and temporal distributions [e.g., flowering time]-RRB- to the last couple of decades» warmth.

For example, many mechanistic models used to simulate the ecological effects of climate change operate at spatial resolutions varying from a single plant to a few hectares.

Europe presents a spatial pattern of change, with western continental areas showing last freeze dates getting earlier faster, some central areas having last freeze and first leaf dates progressing at about the same pace, while in portions of Northern and Eastern Europe first leaf dates are getting earlier faster than last freeze dates

Systematic instrumental errors, such as changes in measurement practices or urbanisation, could be more important, especially earlier in the record (Chapter 3), although these errors are calculated to be relatively small at large spatial scales.

Whether ocean circulation models... neither explicitly accounting for the energy input into the system nor providing for spatial variability in the mixing, have any physical relevance under changed climate conditions is at issue.»

Sea surface temperature (SST) measured from Earth Observation Satellites in considerable spatial detail and at high frequency, is increasingly required for use in the context of operational monitoring and forecasting of the ocean, for assimilation into coupled ocean - atmosphere model systems and for applications in short - term numerical weather prediction and longer term climate change detection.

Following completion of the pilot project, the long - term vision is deployment in each of the nine NOAA climate regions of the United States at a 100 km spatial resolution that will allow the detection of regional climate change signals.

Beginning with a pilot project in the Southwest, USHCN - M stations will be deployed at a 100 km spatial resolution to provide for the detection of regional climate change signals.

The time series land based thermometer records are hopeless (not simply because of question adjustments and homogenisation, and instrument error bounds) but also because that throughout the time series the stations used with which the data is being compiled, at any one moment of time, is continually changing, so too their spatial coverage, such that at no time is like with like ever comparable.

Two kind of variabilities are involved, the spatial variability between the changes in average temperature from the past to the later period and the variability around the mean at every location.

One limitation for improving surface fluxes at all latitudes is that they have not yet been classified as essential climate variables (ECVs) or essential ocean variables (EOVs) for use by the United Nations or the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, meaning that specific measurement standards have not been established for minimum spatial and temporal density of observations, accuracy, and long - term stability.

Temporal and spatial structure of multi-millennial temperature changes at high latitudes during the Last Interglacial.

The NEX - GDDP dataset is provided to assist the science community in conducting studies of climate change impacts at local to regional scales, and to enhance public understanding of possible future global climate patterns at the spatial scale of individual towns, cities, and watersheds.»

This implies that in these cases a careful analysis of the implications of projected changes for the specific temporal and spatial characteristic of the climate variables relevant to the system at risk is required.

A measurement comparing these systems demonstrates an unprecedented atomic clock instability of 1.6 × 10 ^ -18 after only 7 hours of averaging... Clock measurement at the 10 ^ -18 level can be used to resolve spatial and temporal fluctuations equivalent to 1 cm of elevation in Earth's gravitational field (25 — 28), potentially impacting geodesy, hydrology, geology, and climate change studies.

«extensive use [of GCMs] for the prediction and interpretation of the spatial patterns of temperature change at the Earth's surface, and the use of such projections in reports for policymakers (e.g. Parry et al. 2007), leads us to the view that it is appropriate to assess their usefulness in this regard.»

NW and Ken, a short answer is that the investigators need to combine evidence of tree - line fluctuations with estimate of past temperature changes to model the spatial extent of the upper treeline zone in order to avoid this problem (by ensuring that only material that was within this zone at any given time is used).

Another issue is whether the spatial and temporal sampling of the ocean heat content accurately captures the regions and depths at which heat changes are occurring.

No climate model can predict climate changes at a local level where the effects are felt - predictions are only made for averages collated at a continental spatial scale and over periods of decades.

Richard S.J. Tol is a Professor at the Department of Economics, University of Sussex and the Professor of the Economics of Climate Change, Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

As we have shown in Rahmstorf et al. (2012), much or most of the decadal variations in the rate of sea - level rise in tide gauge data are probably not real changes at all, but simply an artefact of inadequate spatial sampling of the tide gauges.

Earth Lab science projects combine satellite, survey, and field data collected at various spatial and temporal scales to answer critical Earth Science questions and predict change using cutting - edge computational approaches.

But Emanuel and his team developed one that can model hurricanes at high spatial resolutions within a changing climate.

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