In another ground - breaking case, the Singapore High Court has set aside an investor -
State arbitral award on the basis that the tribunal exceeded its jurisdiction...
The application before the High Court was the first in which a party requested the Singapore courts to set aside an investor -
State arbitral award on the merits.
Martinez - Fraga and Reetz will discuss the evolving relationships between international commercial arbitration and the increasingly significant field of investor - state arbitration, including the use of the U.S. courts to obtain discovery of evidence for use in those proceedings and the differing standards used for enforcement of international commercial and investor -
state arbitral awards.
Not exact matches
«Canada's fiscal circumstances relative to its
stated budgetary policies» will now be the determining factor in making an
arbitral award.
As part of China, Hong Kong is also a Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards (the New York Convention) Contracting State, ensuring that arbitral awards issued where the seat of arbitration is Hong Kong benefit from this internationally renowned system of mutual recognition and enforcement of arbitral
Arbitral Awards (the New York Convention) Contracting State, ensuring that arbitral awards issued where the seat of arbitration is Hong Kong benefit from this internationally renowned system of mutual recognition and enforcement of arbitral a
Awards (the New York Convention) Contracting
State, ensuring that
arbitral awards issued where the seat of arbitration is Hong Kong benefit from this internationally renowned system of mutual recognition and enforcement of arbitral
arbitral awards issued where the seat of arbitration is Hong Kong benefit from this internationally renowned system of mutual recognition and enforcement of arbitral a
awards issued where the seat of arbitration is Hong Kong benefit from this internationally renowned system of mutual recognition and enforcement of
arbitralarbitral awardsawards.
Article 2 of the 1927 Geneva Convention
states in relevant part: «If the
award has not covered all the questions submitted to the
arbitral tribunal, the competent authority of the country where recognition or enforcement of the
award is sought can, if it think fit, postpone such recognition or enforcement or grant it subject to such guarantee as that authority may decide».
The Convention's aim is not to limit the pre-existing freedom of the Contracting
States to treat foreign
arbitral awards or arbitration agreements as favourably as they please, but rather to facilitate their recognition and enforcement to the greatest extent possible.
In 2009 the
arbitral tribunal found that it had jurisdiction over the dispute and in 2012 the
arbitral tribunal delivered a final
award on the merits, unanimously
stating that the Russian Federation was guilty of expropriation and ordered Russia to pay compensation in accordance with the BIT.
The conditions for recognition and enforcement in the Convention establish a «ceiling», or maximum level of control, which Contracting
States may exert over
arbitral awards and arbitration agreements.
The Pechersky District Court of Kyiv recently granted enforcement of an SCC
arbitral award in a case between Remington Worldwide Limited («Remington») and the
State of Ukraine.
Courts have consistently confirmed this in relation to article V (1)(c).837 For example, the United
States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied a party's attempt to raise a challenge under article V (1)(c) to oppose an order compelling arbitration, that is, before the
arbitral proceedings had even taken place.838 The court noted that the provision could only be invoked by a party opposing enforcement of an
award, which was not possible in circumstances where no
award had been issued, and also unlikely where the party raising the challenge was the claimant in the would - be arbitration, and thus not the party who would be in a position to challenge any resulting
arbitral award absent any counterclaims.839
Although article V (1)(d) moves beyond the text of the 1927 Geneva Convention, it is not as liberal as certain arbitration statutes, which attach even less importance than the New York Convention to the law of the country where the arbitration took place at the recognition and enforcement stage.854 As explained in the chapter on article VII, 855 the Convention sets only a «ceiling», or the maximum level of control, which courts of the Contracting
States may exert over foreign
arbitral awards.
Article V (1)(c) of the New York Convention allows the competent authorities in Contracting
States to refuse recognition and enforcement of an
arbitral award, or part of that
award, where the
award contains decisions on matters «beyond the scope of the submission to arbitration».
An
arbitral award was rendered in India against a United
States corporation, which argued before the Court that it should not be enforced in the United
States on grounds that India would not have enforced the
award had it been rendered in the United
States in its favour, and that therefore, «the reciprocity between India and the United
States as required by the Convention [article XIV] was absent».1394 The contesting party further argued that article XIV requires courts to determine the extent to which India applies the Convention and whether India treats
awards rendered in India in favour of Indian parties in a similar manner.
In accordance with article VII (1), a Contracting
State will not be in breach of the Convention by enforcing
arbitral awards and arbitration agreements pursuant to more liberal regimes than the Convention itself.
By imposing stricter rules on recognition and enforcement of foreign
arbitral awards, a Contracting
State will breach its obligations under the Convention.
One United
States District Court found that an
award for consequential damages was within the submission to arbitrate even though consequential damages were explicitly precluded by the terms of the underlying contract, in circumstances where consequential damages were included in the terms of reference and a reasoned
award by the
arbitral tribunal justified their application.823
Summary: The appellant foreign
state challenged the lower court's judgment that real property owned by the appellant could be used to execute an enforcement order of an
arbitral award.
The case raises numerous issues relating to the enforcement of
arbitral awards against sovereign
states, including immunity under the
State Immunity Act 1978 and the interaction between English proceedings and proceedings in the curial court (Holland).
The section features information on the enforcement procedures in various CIS
states, a database of court judgements on the enforcements of SCC
arbitral awards, e-books about arbitration in Sweden and samples of documents filed in arbitrations under the SCC Rules.
In particular, he has substantial recent experience in relation to the enforcement of
arbitral awards against
states and issues of sovereign immunity.
Pursuant to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards (The New York Convention of 1958), which has been acceded to by 156 countries so far, arbitral awards may be recognised and enforced in these contracting
Arbitral Awards (The New York Convention of 1958), which has been acceded to by 156 countries so far, arbitral awards may be recognised and enforced in these contracting s
Awards (The New York Convention of 1958), which has been acceded to by 156 countries so far,
arbitral awards may be recognised and enforced in these contracting
arbitral awards may be recognised and enforced in these contracting s
awards may be recognised and enforced in these contracting
states.
Guest Lecturer in International Investor
State Arbitration Spring 2010, «Enforcement of International
Arbitral Awards Against Sovereign Entities,» University of Texas School of Law, Austin, Texas, April 2010
Yet the enforcement of international
arbitral awards continues to be one of the key challenges of the international arbitration system, complicated further where the non-complying
award debtor is a
state.
More recently, he has been instructed in relation to the enforcement of the
arbitral awards in Yukos v Russian Federation (US$ 50 billion plus) involving issues of
state immunity / lifting the corporate veil; PJSC Tatneft v Bogolyubov / Kolomoisky; Crescent Petroleum v National Iranian Oil Company (US$ 15 billion).
For example, though not explicitly
stated in this decision, the high thresholds that must be met in order to refuse the recognition of an
arbitral award in Ontario may represent the Court reinforcing their commitment to international comity in light of globalization trends.
The 1958 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards, which governs the enforcement of arbitral awards worldwide, has been ratified by all EU Member States and will be unaffected by the UK's departure from
Arbitral Awards, which governs the enforcement of arbitral awards worldwide, has been ratified by all EU Member States and will be unaffected by the UK's departure from t
Awards, which governs the enforcement of
arbitral awards worldwide, has been ratified by all EU Member States and will be unaffected by the UK's departure from
arbitral awards worldwide, has been ratified by all EU Member States and will be unaffected by the UK's departure from t
awards worldwide, has been ratified by all EU Member
States and will be unaffected by the UK's departure from the EU.
Moreover, numerous cases have in fact enforced commercial
arbitral awards against
states and
state - related entities, without any suggestion that the commercial activity exception is per se inapplicable.
Is your country a contracting
state to the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards?
The
award can be enforced internationally through the provisions of the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of
Arbitral Awards, which more than 140
states have ratified.
As mentioned above, contracting
States of the Convention should not impose more onerous conditions on the recognition or enforcement of international
arbitral awards than those imposed on domestic
arbitral awards.
According to the Convention, signatory
States shall recognize
arbitral awards as binding and do not require the confirmation of enforcement of a national court, so that the
arbitral judgment would be protected and treated equally in all jurisdictions.
In which case, there should not be a distinction between the enforcement of domestic
arbitral and international
awards in the
State where the enforcement is sought, on the base of reciprocity.
Article III6 of the Convention establishes that signatory
States should not impose more difficult conditions, hurdles, or higher fees for the recognition of
arbitral awards than they do for their domestic
awards.
The New York Convention2, 1958 (hereinafter «the Convention»), establishes an effective recognition and execution system developed for international
arbitral awards for the
States parties.
However, the third paragraph of recital 12 complicates matters as it provides that where a member
state court exercising jurisdiction under the Brussels I (recast) or national law has determined that an arbitration agreement is null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed, the court's judgment on the substance of the matter can be recognised or enforced in accordance with Brussels I (recast)(although this is expressed as without prejudice to the competence of member
state courts to decide on recognition and enforcement of
arbitral awards in accorded with the New York Convention which «takes precedence over» Brussels I (recast)-RRB-.
Finally, para 4 of recital 12
states that the Regulation should not apply to any action or ancillary proceedings relating to (in particular) the establishment of an
arbitral tribunal, the powers of arbitrators, the conduct of an arbitration procedure or any other aspects of such a procedure, nor to any action or judgment concerning the annulment, review, appeal, recognition or enforcement of an
arbitral award.
On the basis of reciprocity, the Republic of Guatemala will apply the above Convention to the recognition and enforcement of
arbitral awards made only in the territory of another contract - ing
State; and will apply it only to differences arising out of legal relationships, whether contractual or not, which are considered as commercial under its national law.
Declaration: «In accordance with article I (3) of the said Convention the Government of Kenya declares that it will apply the Convention to the recognition and enforcement of
arbitral awards made only in the territory of another contracting
state.»
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic will apply the provisions of this Convention in respect to
arbitral awards made in the territories of non-contracting
States only to the extent to which they grant reciprocal treatment.
The People's Republic of China will apply the Conven - tion, only on the basis of reciprocity, to the recognition and en - forcement of
arbitral awards made in the territory of another Contracting
State; 2.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics will apply the pro-visions of this Convention in respect of
arbitral awards made in the territories of non-contracting
States only to the extent to which they grant reciprocal treatment.
«By virtue of paragraph 3 of article I of the present Convention, the Government of the Republic of Korea declares that it will apply the Convention to the recognition and enforcement of
arbitral awards made only in the territory of another Contracting
State.
Declarations: (a) The Republic of Venezuela will apply the Convention only to the recognition and enforcement of foreign
arbitral awards made in the territory of another Contracting
State.
The Republic of Angola adopted a reservation pursuant to which the Country will only apply the Convention to
arbitral awards issued in the territory of another contracting
state and duly recognized by the Angolan
state.
The accession by the
State of Bahrain to the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral Awards, 1958 shall in no way constitute recognition of Israel or be a cause for the establishment of any relations of any kind therewith.
With respect to
arbitral awards made by other non-contracting
States it will apply the Convention only in so far as those
States grant reciprocal treatment as established by mutual agreement between the parties.
Declaration: On the Basis of reciprocity, the Kingdom declares that it shall restrict the application of the Convention to the recognition and enforcement of
arbitral awards made in the territory of a Contracting
State.
«In accordance with article I (3) of the said Convention the Government of Ireland declares that it will apply the Convention to the recognition and enforcement of
arbitral awards made only in the territory of another Contracting
State».
Upon ratification: On the basis of reciprocity, the Republic of Argentina will apply the Convention only to the recognition and enforcement of foreign
arbitral awards made in the territory of another Contracting
State.