Sentences with phrase «such gene transfer»

We conclude that the risk of transfer of AR genes from GM plants to bacteria is remote, and that the hazard arising from any such gene transfer is, at worst, slight.»

Not exact matches

The OAR proposal uses a variation of therapeutic cloning called altered nuclear transfer (ANT) in which the nucleus of a donor cell (a skin cell, for example), containing the 30,000 genes of the genetic code, is altered in such a way that it produces an epigenetic factor, a protein called nanog.

«Recombinant DNA technology», «DNA cloning», «molecular cloning» or «gene cloning» all describe the process of transferring a DNA fragment from one organism to a self - replicating genetic element (a cloning vector) such as a bacterial plasmid, enabling the fragment to be propagated in an alien host.

Such embryos were transferred into female goats, which produced offspring that were then tested for the presence of the newly integrated gene.

Some researchers have been trying an alternative route: engineering gene - delivery vehicles such as viruses to transfer neurotrophic - factor genes directly into brain cells.

In one such approach, researchers surgically remove brain cells, use viruses to transfer genes to the cells, and then graft them back into the animal's brain tissue.

Over many years, the NTNU University Museum has been studying what such an extreme gene transfer system means for the global propagation of these plants.

Once such a gene is generated, bacteria can then transfer the genetic information in a horizontal fashion (between individuals) by plasmid exchange.

But this method of gaining new DNA, termed horizontal gene transfer, was thought to be relatively rare and to occur only under strong pressures in the environment, such as exposure to powerful antibiotics.

Now the latest result offers a way to transfer traits encoded by mitochondrial genes, such as male sterility, to plants that lack them.

Altering proteins in one part of the virus to achieve a certain benefit, such as more efficient gene transfer or reduced recognition by host immune cells, could end up destroying the structural integrity of the entire shell.

«The most frequent way is the transfer via mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, or via transposons, the so - called jumping genes,» explains Friederike Hilbert, scientist at the Institute of Meat Hygiene at the Vetmeduni Vienna.

The team's next goal was to transfer the genes for making gas vesicles from the water - dwelling bacteria into a different type of bacteria — Escherichia coli, which is commonly used in microbial therapeutics, such as probiotics.

Intrigued by the ability of certain polymers to mop up DNA and RNA for gene transfer, Sullenger and colleagues tested the idea that these chemical compounds might also be effective targeting such nucleic acids as they arise in cell death.

Previous research by Professor Keevil and Dr Warnes has proved copper's efficacy against norovirus, influenza and hospital superbugs, such as MRSA and Klebsiella, plus stopping the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria to create new superbugs.

It had been assumed that such lateral gene transfers were uncommon, but their existence in arthropods, the largest animal phylum, suggests that such transfers may be a significant evolutionary mechanism.

This finding relativizes the novelty of producing GM insects, since such insects already exist in nature but also highlights that genes introduced in GM insects can be transferred between distant species.

Such estimates of ancient divergence times could contain substantial error caused by uncertainty of the molecular clock assumptions, confounding effects of horizontal gene transfer, and errors in estimating sequence homology (i.e., similarlity).

They study processes such as gene loss and duplication, speciation, functional conservation and horizontal gene transfer.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are known to be vulnerable to apoptosis upon various technical manipulation, such as single cell dissociation, freezing and thawing, etc., which hinder their use for clonal isolation in gene transfer, differentiation and FACS cell sorting.

In the 1980s, Dr. Kaufman's experience with gene transfer and engineering led him to become a founding scientist at Genetics Institute Inc., where he engineered mammalian cells for high - level expression of therapeutic proteins, such as clotting factors that are now used to treat individuals with hemophilia.

Studies can also include gene transfer systems such as transformation, conjugation and transduction.

Others were unanticipated, including significant differences in expression levels among genes involved in fundamental cellular processes such as ribosomal biogenesis, transfer RNA processing, and Notch - signaling — part of a complex system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions.

A fact sheet that provides an overview of how the immune system functions and describes the actions of biological therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, therapeutic vaccines, the bacterium bacillus Calmet - Guérin, cancer - killing viruses, gene therapy, and adoptive T - cell transfer.

The Cancer Gene Census (CGC) database contains 547 such gene across various cancer types.5 Remarkably, few driver genes having specific point mutations appear to be sufficient to rewire signalling networks in cancer, 1 which at the same time shows that — at least from the mutational side — cancer does not consist of an «infinite» number of different diseases, and in many cases treatment options targeted against driver genes might be transferred from one case to the nGene Census (CGC) database contains 547 such gene across various cancer types.5 Remarkably, few driver genes having specific point mutations appear to be sufficient to rewire signalling networks in cancer, 1 which at the same time shows that — at least from the mutational side — cancer does not consist of an «infinite» number of different diseases, and in many cases treatment options targeted against driver genes might be transferred from one case to the ngene across various cancer types.5 Remarkably, few driver genes having specific point mutations appear to be sufficient to rewire signalling networks in cancer, 1 which at the same time shows that — at least from the mutational side — cancer does not consist of an «infinite» number of different diseases, and in many cases treatment options targeted against driver genes might be transferred from one case to the next.

It is always possible that a vector will introduce the gene into a cell other than that for which it is supposed to be targeted (e.g., a spermatocytic cell) or that through a secondary mechanism target cells that have taken up the new gene will through some independent natural process (such as transfection) transfer the gene to a germline cell.