Sentences with phrase «such observations require»

Not exact matches

Among his strongest points is that observations that demonstrate gradual evolutionary changes in specific characteristics (beak shape of finches, color of forest moths, for instance) do not establish how gradual changes could bring about major evolutionary transitions that require concerted functioning of many specialized organs — such as the change from arboreal mammals to night - flying bats, or the origin of life.

There is always a chance that new observations will be made that require modifying the theory, perhaps radically, such as happened with Newton's theory of gravity.

«Our discovery will now justify the additional effort required to make such timing observations.»

My first observation is that the breadth of this field has grown immensely such that topics represented 25 years ago by individual speakers would now require individual meetings.

The lower abundance of diluted binaries between 0.1 and 0.4 % transit depth, which possibly continues towards lower - amplitude candidates, may facilitate the transit - searches for small extrasolar planets in both CoRoT data and in upcoming or planned search projects, such as Kepler or PLATO, reducing the load of required follow - up observations.

Together, these observations demonstrate that blood - forming stem cells require a highly regulated rate of protein synthesis, such that increases or decreases in that rate impair stem cell function.

Such observations are right at the limit of current capabilities, requiring the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), the $ 8 billion successor to Hubble scheduled for launch in 2020.

Once again, we will have to wait for a few more years for new telescopes to become available such as NASA's TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) mission or ESA's CHEOPS (Characterizing Exoplanets Satellite) which are both scheduled for launches in 2017 and may be capable of making the required observations of such a bright target.

However, there is pressure on teachers who teach in PBL environments, such as art classes and other «making» classes, that formal observations still require the teacher to perform the same old song - and - dance routine of the conventional lecture / demo.

We also propose to require that such observations and feedback be directed primarily at the implementation of research - based practices and effective teacher - child interactions.

While Jenny reported confidence in skills such as saving files, moving files, and downloading images, it became apparent during classroom observations that even these skills required instruction and continued practice with the guidance of the researchers throughout the course of the project.

Requiring regular evaluations of teachers using multiple measures based on clear standards for effective practice, measures of student achievement growth, and other measures such as observations and lesson plans or other artifacts of practice.

The state requires that each local school system design a program incorporating components established by the state, including: an orientation program for new teachers prior to the start of the school year, mentor support such as regularly scheduled meetings during non-instructional time, opportunities for new teachers to observe and co-teach with skilled teachers with follow - up discussion of the experiences, ongoing professional learning activities, and ongoing formative review of new teacher performance such as classroom observation.

Such a scenario would require a new trendline and another period of observation.

What I am saying is that real, useful, competent action on reducing greenhouse gas emmissions will require an intellectual and emotional movement of great proportions, and my observation is that such movements do not arrise without leaders and heroes.

«As Lean notes, such a trend would require the sun to brighten more in the past century than any time in the past millennium, a dynamic unseen during 30 years of space observation.»

The stadium wave holds promise in putting into perspective numerous observations of climate behavior, such as regional patterns of decadal variability in drought and hurricane activity, the researchers say, but a complete understanding of past climate variability and projections of future climate change requires integrating the stadium - wave signal with external climate forcing from the sun, volcanoes and anthropogenic forcing.

Requires such group, within a year and every four years thereafter, to submit to Congress a report that: identifies gaps in data and recommends actions to fill those gaps; proposes a coordinated strategy for funding and allocating responsibilities among federal agencies for climate and other global change data collection, management, and retention; recommends a federal capital investment strategy; and evaluates optimal design of observation system components to ensure a cost - effective, adequate set of observations detecting and tracking global change.

Sources such as the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the Aura satellite, the Cloud - Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and the ground - based Aerosol Robotic Network (Aeronet) will be used, requiring the input of both the modeling and observational communities.

I agree an observation / model mix is required (e.g. such as with the reanalyses), but the absence of observational validation is what is a fundamental flaw in the use of Type 4 downscaling for multi-decadal impact assessments, as I have explained in detail in my posts.

Examining similar potentials for off - principal plane observations requires the ability to assess realistic variations in both the reflectance for and bidirectionality of polarized water - leaving radiances for such viewing geometries.

However, a confident assessment of human influence on hurricanes will require further studies using models and observations, with emphasis on distinguishing natural from human - induced changes in hurricane activity through their influence on factors such as historical sea surface temperatures, wind shear, and atmospheric vertical stability.

Though many modeling studies have demonstrated the impact of deep water formation changes on the overturning circulation, the observational evidence for such a linkage has been hard to come by for two reasons: (1) Deep water formation is difficult to quantify because the time and locale of production are highly variable from winter to winter, and (2) overturning circulation measures require observations that span the basin, which have been limited in space and time.

Since such analyses require that like is compared with like, rainfall simulations in climate models are often «masked» to match the area covered by available observations.

In addition to observation by another, objective measurement methods can be used, such as accelerometers to record physical activity.77 However, these also have limitations for assessing adherence, especially longer term or with large clinical groups, as the devices are expensive and require the participant to adhere to wearing them.

And during the second World War, psychologist John Flanagan developed what he called the critical incident interview, which attempted to identify crucial traits and skills required for successful performance by gathering data on the behavior and observations of people in relevant situations, such as job events, crises, key prob, lems, and the like (Flanagan, 1954, pp. 327 - 358).