Sentences with phrase «such statistical tests»

Not exact matches

To avoid any legal problems, before administering such tests, be prepared to demonstrate job - relatedness, non-discrimination and statistical validity.

Statistical tests of significance such as chi - square tests were used for ordinal and categorical variables.

Results of each statistical test should be reported in full with the value of the test statistic and p - value, and not simply reported as significant or non-significant; more than two significant digits on p - values are usually not needed except in situations of extreme multiple testing such as in genetic association studies where stringent corrections for multiple testing might be used.

Using statistical tests, Kamangar combined the results from studies in the U.S., Europe, Iran, China and Japan to evaluate if H. pylori helps prevent either form of esophageal cancer in such a large and geographically diverse sample pool.

These multigene interactions are subtler and knottier than the single gene drivers of diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis; spotting them calls for statistical inspiration and rigorous experiments repeated again and again to guard against introducing unproven gene tests into the clinic.

Overall, the discipline has not gone through the paradigm shift in the statistical approach to data that more advanced techniques, such as forensic DNA testing, have already adopted: the shift to Bayesian statistics.

But in most such instances the statistics applied in court have been primarily the standard type that scientists use to test hypotheses (producing numbers for gauging «statistical significance»).

Heiko Woith and colleagues at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences say scientists must determine whether the link between the animal behavior and the earthquake is based on clearly defined rules (such as the animal's distance from earthquakes of a certain magnitude), whether the animal behavior has ever been observed and not followed by an earthquake, whether there is a statistical testing hypothesis in place to examine the evidence, and whether the animal population is a healthy, among other questions.

What Greger is saying is that one type of statistical study design is generally inappropriate for testing one aspect of diet - heart: namely, the connection between diet and serum biomarkers such as the LDL fraction.

Readers need not get caught up in more - complicated analyses, such as significance testing, effect sizes, and even regression - statistical methods that Raymond and Hanushek criticize us for not using.

In such circumstances, it is difficult to avoid statistical «mischief» and false negatives because test scores can bounce around from year to year for reasons other than genuine changes in student achievement.

Moreover, there are statistical shocks to achievement in a given school and subject — such as a dog barking in the parking lot on the day of the test — which could also introduce a mechanical relationship between the value - added estimates from prior years and student's baseline achievement this year (Kane and Staiger 2002).

Linda Darling - Hammond and colleagues have cautioned that statistical models can not fully adjust for teachers who have a disproportionate number of students with greater challenges, or whose scores on traditional tests may not accurately reflect their learning, such as special education students; English language learners; and those affected by poor attendance, homelessness, or severe problems at home.

Although value - added is one of the more advanced statistical approaches, researchers have raised concerns about its reliability, as well as potential unintended consequences, such as demoralizing teachers and placing greater emphasis on standardized tests.

Both the American Statistical Association, which is the largest organization in the United States representing statisticians and related professionals, and the American Educational Research Association have questioned the validity of using standardized test scores to measure teacher effectiveness and cautioned against using them for such purposes.

If the statistical model is based on good background information, such as prior test scores that strongly predict future test scores, this may work very well.

In the interest of fairness, and to allow time for educator preparation programs to integrate such changes into their curricula, test materials for specific assessments will continue to reference the terminology, criteria and classifications referred to in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM - IV - TR) until further notice.

These alternative treatments are unsupported by statistical or scientific method as to their effectiveness and are generally referred to in «Testimonials» with little, if any, scientific evidence or statistical testing to back up such claims.

That argument is puzzling indeed, as such tests are standard in statistical modeling exercises, and have been used and documented in many peer - reviewed articles in the meteorological and climatalogical literature (see this list of publications by just one researcher alone or even the introductory textbook by Wilks, 1995).

Most statistical tests make assumptions, such as that the errors are i.i.d..

A PDF of this article and the R code used for the frequentist coverage testing are available at http://niclewis.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/radiocarbon-calibration-bayes.pdf and http://niclewis.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/radiocarbon-dating-code.doc [i] A statistical model is still involved, but no information as to the value of the parameter being estimated is introduced as such.

Although some Bayesians reject such testing, most people (including most statisticians) want a statistical inference method to produce, over the long run, results that accord with relative frequencies of outcomes from repeated tests involving random draws from the relevant probability distributions.

Basic statistical knowledge such as hypothesis testing, sampling techniques, simple and multiple regression techniques

As such, the statistical model provides a direct and transparent methodology to test whether changes in anthropogenic and natural forcings can account for the recent pattern of temperature changes.

One is to recalculate the statistical significance estimates of all variables for which significance is currently reported using a procedure such as Cohn and Lins» (2006) Adjusted Likelihood Ratio Test that is specifically designed for use with data exhibiting long - term persistence.

The point is that the test for statistical significance over such a short time span does not have useful statistical power — there is insufficient data to be able to reject the null hypothesis even when it is false.

As for temperature being bounded, sure, but in our sample of observations, it is classified as a random walk via statistical testing, hence, it should be treated as such (again, statistics works with what we observe, not what we think we «should» observe).

Further, when such a test is applied, then «Global Average Temperature» is not suitable for the types of statistical analysis that was performed.

For studying the theories of investigation, the data were analyzed by statistical methods such as correlation coefficient and then we will study the meaningfulness of this coefficient by t - test.