Sentences with phrase «surface currents warm»

A surface current warms or cools the air above it, influencing the climate of the land near the coast.

Not exact matches

«When the weather fluctuates between warm and cold and in bodies of water where there are currents underneath the ice, it can weaken the surface of the ice and make it dangerously fragile even though it seems to be frozen solid,» said Joe Pecoraro, manager of the Park District's Beaches and Pools Unit, who narrated the demonstration.

This cycle coincides with the natural rise and fall of sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic, which fluctuate roughly 0.2 degree Celsius every 60 years as warm currents shift.

The simulations suggest that over decades, these warming events dramatically perturb the ocean surface, affecting the flow of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, a system of currents that acts like a conveyor belt moving water around the planet.

In the new set - up, a real - world seasonal forecast driven by data on current sea - surface temperatures will be run alongside a simulated «no global warming» seasonal forecast, in which greenhouse gas emissions have been stripped out.

They found that adding five years of strong trade winds created powerful ocean currents that buried the warm surface water, bringing cooler water to the surface.

The future of the currents, whether slowing, stopping or reversing (as was observed during several months measurements), could have a profound effect on regional weather patterns — from colder winters in Europe to a much warmer Caribbean (and hence warmer sea surface temperatures to feed hurricanes).

But for reasons that are still not clear, this pattern is broken every three to seven years, when the winds and currents reverse and the warm surface waters spread east towards the Americas, taking the rain with them.

Schimdt has found evidence that warm ocean currents and convective forces beneath Europa's frozen shell can cause large blocks of ice to overturn and melt, bringing vast pockets of water, sometimes holding as much liquid as all of the Great Lakes combined, to within several kilometers of the moon's icy surface.

El Nino's mass of warm water puts a lid on the normal currents of cold, deep water that typically rise to the surface along the equator and off the coast of Chile and Peru, said Stephanie Uz, ocean scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

This shift strengthens the ocean currents that bring warm, salty water to the surface, where it accelerates the melting of Antarctic ice.

Organisms that have evolved in environments that have little if any change in environmental conditions, for example, may not be able to adapt well if currents increasingly mix warm surface waters down to the seafloor.

The prevailing surface winds over the tropical Pacific blow from east - to - west (easterlies), and tend drive a surface current, pushing (advecting) the warm surface water westward.

With the removal of the warm surface waters, an upwelling current is created in the east Pacific Ocean, bringing cold water up from deeper levels.

Quoting the IPCC 1.4 to 5.8 Â °C estimate (for doubling CO2) outside current agreements among models that the uncertainty is most likely in the 2.5 to 4Â °C range or failing to point out that discrepancies (used by skeptics) between surface and troposphere warming have been resolved, is misleading in my view.

Re Q # 3: The current answer ``... emission from greenhouse gases... adds to the warming at the surface» is a true fact but is not a valid answer to the question of how the greenhouse effect alters surface temperatures (which underlies the judge's query).

Finally, since the 1950s, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has warmed by +0.2 °C, with the warming greatest near the surface [12].

Current theories suggest that the Staphylococcus aureus (staph) or group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria cause the TSS infection and that wearing a tampon (with its rough surface) in the dark, warm and moist environment of the vagina can increase the chances of this infection.

A circular room studded with windows eight metres (26 feet) beneath the ocean's surface reveals up to 300 species of colourful coral, fish and other marine life, fed by an unusually warm current.

The surface water is warm and you dive deeper to catch the cool current.

Manta Point and Crystal Bay can be more challenging due to the currents and cold water, and Nusa Lembongan is the relaxing, warmer, shallower dive usually done after a long lunch break and surface interval.

Other factors would include: — albedo shifts (both from ice > water, and from increased biological activity, and from edge melt revealing more land, and from more old dust coming to the surface...); — direct effect of CO2 on ice (the former weakens the latter); — increasing, and increasingly warm, rain fall on ice; — «stuck» weather systems bringing more and more warm tropical air ever further toward the poles; — melting of sea ice shelf increasing mobility of glaciers; — sea water getting under parts of the ice sheets where the base is below sea level; — melt water lubricating the ice sheet base; — changes in ocean currents -LRB-?)

The current Landsea / Trenberth / Emanuel discussion has been parsed by many to mean that Landsea claims that the number of hurricanes is constant, and Trenberth is claiming that their intensity should increase as global warming heats the ocean surface.

In the first plot, relating to ocean temperatures, it is clearly warmer about 1000 years ago but current temperatures are clearly warmer at the surface.

Re Q # 3: The current answer ``... emission from greenhouse gases... adds to the warming at the surface» is a true fact but is not a valid answer to the question of how the greenhouse effect alters surface temperatures (which underlies the judge's query).

The prevailing surface winds over the tropical Pacific blow from east - to - west (easterlies), and tend drive a surface current, pushing (advecting) the warm surface water westward.

The current energy imbalance at the surface (as demonstrated by the increasing heat content of the oceans) implies there is at least a further 0.5 deg C surface warming in the «pipeline».

The surface heat capacity C (j = 0) was set to the equivalent of a global layer of water 50 m deep (which would be a layer ~ 70 m thick over the oceans) plus 70 % of the atmosphere, the latent heat of vaporization corresponding to a 20 % increase in water vapor per 3 K warming (linearized for current conditions), and a little land surface; expressed as W * yr per m ^ 2 * K (a convenient unit), I got about 7.093.

Combine with Co2 warming the surface and it can just so happen that the two effects cancel at the surface for a «pause» while the wind / current driven heating of the subsurface causes extra heating in the subsurface.

But this is in a period that the Bureau has predicted is likely, based on statistical analysis of historical data and current sea surface conditions, to be warmer than the historical average (see here.

They relate the current hiatus period at the surface and a deeper penetration of the warming into the ocean with changes in the trade winds on the subtropical Pacific (intensification).

Given all the independent lines of evidence pointing to average surface warming over the last few decades (satellite measurements, ocean temperatures, sea - level rise, retreating glaciers, phenological changes, shifts in the ranges of temperature - sensitive species), it is highly implausible that it would lead to more than very minor refinements to the current overall picture.

«If current policy continues to fail — along the lines of the «agree and ignore» scenario — then 50 % to 80 % of all species on earth could be driven to extinction by the magnitude and rapidity of warming, and much of the planet's surface left uninhabitable to humans.

As the area / volume ratio for the NH parts of the oceans is practically the same as for the SH, the surface heating (W / m2) must be larger in the NH parts, within the constraints of heat exchange via ocean and air currents (and partly by the difference in warming area in the tropics vs. the cooling areas in the higher latitudes)...

The warm sea surface temperatures in the gyres, during hiatus decades, indicate convergence of near - surface currents and strong downwelling of heat.

One could say too much extra heat at the earth surface will greatly excite the hurricane safety valve (maybe too much, too often) but not enough heat will be jettisoned to the troposhere and will remain to melt glaciers, warm air currents, disrupt preciptation patterns and, in general, muck up the system

I recall mention that Katrina was unusual because while crossing the Gulf «Ring Current» the deeper water pulled up by the hurricane was almost as warm as the sea surface, so the deeper water fed almost as much heat energy into the storm as the surface.

Add in the current radiation imbalance of ~ 1 W / m2, you have at least 1.5 deg C surface warming to come (assuming a canonical 0.75 C / W / m2 sensitivity).

These are large rotating masses of water, in each ocean basin, where ocean currents converge at their centre and are forced downwards, taking warm surface water with them.

The corresponding intensification of the atmospheric Walker circulation is also associated with sea surface cooling in the eastern Pacific, which has been identified as one of the contributors to the current pause in global surface warming.

shove surface currents towards Europe, thus warming the continent while diminishing the AMOC) and a similar decline in the future sounds optimistic to me.

In the standards for middle school, for example, one of the core ideas is that «human activities, such as the release of greenhouse gases from burning fossil fuels, are major factors in the current rise in Earth's mean surface temperature («global warming»).»

It also concludes that current northern hemisphere surface air temperatures are significantly higher than during the peak of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP).

However, it is consistent with our current understanding of the climate: ocean heat is exchanged with the atmosphere, which causes surface warming, which alters atmospheric circulation, which alters cloud cover, which impacts surface temperature.

Surface temperature is an imperfect gauge of whether the earth has been warmed by an imbalance between incoming radiation from the sun, and outgoing radiation, because of the role of ocean currents in the distribution of heat between deeper and surface Surface temperature is an imperfect gauge of whether the earth has been warmed by an imbalance between incoming radiation from the sun, and outgoing radiation, because of the role of ocean currents in the distribution of heat between deeper and surface surface waters.

For example, atmospheric carbon dioxide grew by approximately 30 % during the transition from the most recent cold glacial period, about 20,000 years ago, to the current warm interglacial period; the corresponding rate of decrease in surface ocean pH, driven by geological processes, was approximately 50 times slower than the current rate driven largely by fossil fuel burning.

Adapted for Australian oceans, the model simulates the effect of climate in the 2060s on temperature and currents in the warm pool, a tuna habitat defined by warmer surface water.

It represents in a simple way how ocean currents carry warm surface waters from the equator toward the poles and moderate global climate.»

Most interesting is that the about monthly variations correlate with the lunar phases (peak on full moon) The Helsinki Background measurements 1935 The first background measurements in history; sampling data in vertical profile every 50 - 100m up to 1,5 km; 364 ppm underthe clouds and above Haldane measurements at the Scottish coast 370 ppmCO2 in winds from the sea; 355 ppm in air from the land Wattenberg measurements in the southern Atlantic ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly average

Many Americans know AMOC as the Gulf Stream: the warm, surface - level current in the Atlantic Ocean that hugs the East Coast.