Sentences with phrase «surface ocean processes»

The field experiment with the KOSMOS mesocosms is conducted at Taliarte, Gran Canaria as a joint activity of the German research networks BIOACID (Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification) and SOPRAN (Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene) between January and April 2014.

As part of the research projects SOPRAN (Surface Ocean Processes in the Anthropocene) and BIOACID (Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification) the KOSMOS system was deployed in the Raunefjord at the west coast of Norway, were blooms of Emiliania huxleyi regularly occur in late spring.

Not exact matches

In the process, they might identify a planet's surface features — such as oceans, continents, ice caps and even cloudbanks — and detect the presence of biomarkers like oxygen, methane and water.

The Carbon cycle is a geological process that regulates the CO2 - level in the atmosphere and with that, the temperature of the planet's surface: In the ocean, CO2, in its dissolved form, undergoes a chemical reaction and is then transported into Earth's mantle.

Earth's oceans would disappear due to this process, if it weren't for water returning to the surface via volcanism (mainly at mid-ocean ridges).

A crucial process has been identified to explain the reason why dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in the deep oceans are constant despite a continuous supply from the surface ocean.

Dr Jean - Baptiste Sallée, from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the British Antarctic Survey, said: «We are really excited to make this discovery because until now we didn't know the physical processes allowing iron to reach the ocean surface and maintain biological activity.

Iron encourages the bloom of tiny algae called phytoplankton, which take in carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in the ocean for photosynthesis; that process in turn draws atmospheric CO2 into the surface waters.

«Not only does this discovery make it one of the most geologically interesting bodies in the solar system, it also implies two - way communication between the exterior and interior — a way to move material from the surface into the ocean — a process which has significant implications for Europa's potential as a habitable world.»

He subsequently developed solvers for cloud and aerosol coagulation, breakup, condensation / evaporation, freezing, dissolution, chemical equilibrium, and lightning; air - sea exchange; ocean chemistry; greenhouse gas absorption; and surface processes.

Stuck to their calcium carbonate platelets, organic matter sinks to the ocean floor — allowing surface layers to take up a new carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and process it.

«Due to its large volume and surface area, the biogeochemical processes in the ocean are the main control on the levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,» Buchanan said.

Over the period 1984 — 2006 the global changes are 0.28 °C in SST and − 9.1 W m − 2 in Q, giving an effective air — sea coupling coefficient of − 32 W m − 2 °C − 1... [D] iminished ocean cooling due to vertical ocean processes played an important role in sustaining the observed positive trend in global SST from 1984 through 2006, despite the decrease in global surface heat flux.

They are the most advanced tools currently available for simulating the response of the global climate system — including processes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and land surface — to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.

Upper ocean dynamics and interdisciplinary processes; structure of the oceanic surface boundary layer; air - sea interaction and the oceanic response to surface forcing; internal waves; fronts; oceanographic instrumentation and observing techniques.

Abstract: Surface ocean wind datasets are required to be of high spatial and temporal resolution and high precision to accurately force or be assimilated into coupled atmosphere - ocean numerical models and understand ocean - atmospheric processes.

Although scientists are aware that the chemical composition in the plume may have originated from an ancient, now frozen, sub-surface ocean, the freezing process would have isolated the salt far from the surface, preventing it from being released.

If taken into account, it may be seen that they will slow the process as far as ocean surface temperature goes, and hence general air temperature.

Overlaying social factors, levels of agricultural runoff, local pollution and upwelling, a natural ocean process that brings more corrosive deep ocean water to the surface, helps tease out regional differences in vulnerability.

In an experiment led by GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, the researchers observed a close coupling between biological processes in the seawater and the chemistry of the sea surface microlayer.

Ocean acidification is projected to occur relatively rapidly in the Arctic due to processes and conditions that are unique to Arctic surface waters [7]--[9].

Ponyo's father brings her back to their ocean kingdom, but so strong is Ponyo's wish to live on the surface that she breaks free, and in the process, spills a collection of magical elixirs that endanger Sosuke's village.

The etchings are careful explorations of process and mark - making, featuring horizonless night skies rendered in mezzotint surfaces that range from velvety blacks to filmy grays and expressionist and blurred ocean surfaces.

Two woodcuts by Vija Celmins — an ocean surface and a night sky — contain an intensity and sublimity that can only be experienced in person; in reproduction the magic between their meticulous process and image is lost.

Celmins works in traditional intaglio (see Alliance 1983), lithographic (see Untitled Portfolio: Galaxy 1975), and relief processes (see Ocean Surface Woodcut 1992) to make her prints.

Where the poleward & equatorward currents of this intensified circulation converge — the centre of the gyres — surface water is pumped downwards into the ocean interior in a process known as Ekman pumping.

In our own modelling, we have improved the calculations to reduce the amount of numerical diffusion (which helped a lot), and increased resolution (which also helped), but changes to the ocean model also have a big impact, as do Arctic cloud processes and surface albedo parameterisations, so it gets complicated fast.

I acknowledge that temperature variations can vary over the earth's surface, and that heat can be stored / released by vertical processes in the atmosphere and ocean.

There is a difference between peaks and valleys in noisy processes (1998 surface air temperature, 2007 record minimum ice, or shipping at a few small areas on the edges of the Arctic ocean) and CO2 forcing driven trends, especially when different measures.

If as a result of physical processes (such as El Nino) warmer water reaches the surface of the ocean, so less heat is conducted from the atmosphere into the ocean and the atmopsheric temperature will therefore increase — on a much shorter — comparatively instantaneous — timescale.

The process model also shows that the acidification of the surface ocean is accelerated by this process (18; Fig.

Modern observations reveal that these processes are already underway, including cooling of the Southern Ocean surface.

Thicker ice sheets can be more resistant to melting by having colder surfaces (but also depress the crust more, so that when melting occurs, it may leave ocean instead of land (isostatic adjustment being a slow process — from memory, a timescale of ~ 15,000 years?)

The state of the Earth System (a single system at the planetary level) also involves the oceans, the atmosphere, the cryosphere and very important processes like the surface energy balance and the flows and transformation of elements.

For example: 1) plants giving off net CO2 in hot conditions (r / t aborbing)-- see: http://www.climateark.org/articles/reader.asp?linkid=46488 2) plants dying out due to heat & drought & wild fires enhanced by GW (reducing or cutting short their uptake of CO2 & releasing CO2 in the process) 3) ocean methane clathrates melting, giving off methane 4) permafrost melting & giving off methane & CO2 5) ice & snow melting, uncovering dark surfaces that absorb more heat 6) the warming slowing the thermohaline ocean conveyor & its up - churning of nutrients — reducing marine plant life & that carbon sink.

It would have to be a fast process or we would see significant heating of the ocean surface, which I don't believe we have seen this century.

Reefs: Natural temperature - limiting processes may prevent ocean surface waters from warming past levels dangerous to corals, at least in some important regions, according to a study being published in Geophysical Research Letters on Saturday.

These programs use our knowledge of physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur within Earth's atmosphere and oceans and on its land surfaces.

The process of such evaporation and then condensation together with those other weather processes is an express route to get heat energy from ocean to surface to atmosphere to space and the bigger the temperature differential between ocean surface, atmosphere and space the faster they must all work to move the atmosphere back towards a temperature equilibrium.

Section 8.6 discusses the various feedbacks that operate in the atmosphere - land surface - sea ice system to determine climate sensitivity, and Section 8.3.2 discusses some processes that are important for ocean heat uptake (and hence transient climate response).

So even if increased infrared radiation caused by man does try to warm the surface of the oceans those processes will increase immediately and neutralise at least the majority of any extra warming from additional down welling anthropogenic infrared radiation.

This makes sense since warming the surfaces of the world's oceans would tend to decrease their CO2 - carrying - capacity, and this would be a slow process due to the buffering effects of the specific heat capacity of these large bodies of water.

Marine export production (the fraction of primary production that is not respired at the ocean surface and thus sinks to depth) is the biological process that has the largest influence on element cycles.

For example, atmospheric carbon dioxide grew by approximately 30 % during the transition from the most recent cold glacial period, about 20,000 years ago, to the current warm interglacial period; the corresponding rate of decrease in surface ocean pH, driven by geological processes, was approximately 50 times slower than the current rate driven largely by fossil fuel burning.

«Routine measurements from space can provide quasi-synoptic, reproducible data for investigating processes on global scales; they may also be the most efficient way to monitor the ocean surface,» the researchers wrote.

Water itself effectively absorbs all incident infrared solar radiation (e.g., Morel and Antoine, 1994), and this direct radiative transfer process provides roughly half of the heat to the ocean surface waters.

These maps rely on mathematical models that process raw data on the amounts of microwave radiation that reach a variety of satellite sensors from cloud ice content and the land and ocean surfaces below.

Chami, M., B. Lafrance, B. Fougnie, J. Chowdhary, T. Harmel, and F. Waquet, 2015: OSOAA: A vector radiative transfer model of coupled atmosphere - ocean system for a rough sea surface application to the estimates of the directional variations of the water leaving reflectance to better process multi-angular satellite sensors data over the ocean.

A simple model of this process is an increased vertical circulation in the ocean, such as an enhanced PDO, that brings cooler water to the surface faster and sequesters the warmer water faster.

Carbon stored in the atmosphere, surface ocean, biomass and soils, for example, is cycled relatively quickly via processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and air - sea gas exchange.