Sentences with phrase «surface observations made»

Surface observations made at weather stations and onboard ships, dating back over a century, provide the longest available records of cloud cover changes.

Not exact matches

They sometimes compare historians of religions, uncharitably to be sure, to «flies crawling on the surface of a goldfish bowl, making accurate and complete observations on the fish inside... and indeed contributing much to our knowledge of the subject; but never asking themselves, and never finding out, how it feels to be a goldfish.»

The team made the observations using LRO's LEND instrument, which detects hydrogen by counting the number of subatomic particles called neutrons flying off the lunar surface.

Today, 14 of the 15 satellites currently making climatic observations on Earth are far beyond their designed life - expectancies, with the exception being the Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM):

«We created the largest database of surface ozone from hourly observations at more than 4,800 monitoring sites worldwide, and we're making these data freely available to anyone who wants to investigate the impact of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate.»

However radar observations have shown that lakes cover only a few per cent of the surface and are concentrated near the poles, making Titan much drier than Earth.

Observations from Earth's surface can be thrown off by the shimmer of the atmosphere, which can slightly bend light and make it harder to distinguish distant objects.

In the dry season, surface water reservoirs are at the same level as the aquifer that feeds them: altitude measurements of the surface water then made possible direct observations of the height of the groundwater.

Observations of capuchins foraging for surface - dwelling insects showed that color - blind capuchins made nearly 20 insect - capture attempts per hour, compared with only about 16 for those with normal color vision.

That careful timekeeping enables scientists at Haystack to correlate observations made at different spots on Earth's surface, taking into account the curvature of the Earth and the location of each telescope to within a centimeter.

The UW oceanographers used a commercial Wave Glider made by Liquid Robotics, a California - based subsidiary of the Boeing Co., to surf along the water's surface gathering observations.

Although some observations were made earlier, it was really the telescope that allowed consistent sightings of dark blotches on the sun's surface.

Scientists were already fairly confident in the ocean's existence, based on the moon's smooth icy surface — evidence of past resurfacing by the ocean — and other observations by the Galileo spacecraft, which made a handful of flybys in the 1990s.

«Having said this, it would be worthwhile to make more comprehensive observations and analysis of some of the surface features, including the deeply coloured ridges [see picture],» he says.

With UCSC graduate student Jonathan Langton, he is studying the surface flows on strongly irradiated extrasolar planets, and is comparing the results of these simulations to observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope.

We argue that KELT - 18b's high temperature and low surface gravity, which yield an estimated ~ 600 km atmospheric scale height, combined with its hot, bright host make it an excellent candidate for observations aimed at atmospheric characterization.

That maneuver, NASA told USA Today will be the probe's «final opportunity for up - close observations of the lakes and seas of liquid hydrocarbons that spread across the moon's northern polar region, and the last chance to use its powerful radar to pierce the haze and make detailed images of the surface.»

Only a few research groups worldwide possess the technology to create proper test samples and to make in - situ atomic - level observations of anatase surfaces.

This high frequency observation was made possible by the combination of ideal atmospheric condition (dryness) of the Atacama Desert, high surface accuracy of the antenna, and proper functions of all components as an entire array system including the Band 10 receiver.

«Crucially, our study also suggests that tidal heating could make deeply buried oceans more accessible to future observations by moving them closer to the surface,» said Joe Renaud of George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, a co-author on the paper.

The orbiter has found further evidence that Mars was once wetter than it is now, with observations of surface patterns that could only have been made by flowing liquid, most likely carbon dioxide or water, in its recent geological past.

In the early seventeenth century, Galileo pioneered telescopic observations of the Sun, making some of the first known observations of sunspots and positing that they were on the surface of the Sun rather than small objects passing between the Earth and the Sun.

In addition, the instruments will be in position to make unprecedented observations of Mercury's surface in infrared light, which can be otherwise hindered by radiation from the Sun.

Teachers respectfully absorb the content and make surface - level changes to their practice that are evident in the next round of administrative observations.

This is a random observation, but I've sustained several impacts to the surface of the car with minimal dents incurred, so I believe the car to be made with quality material.

His world is made up of hard evidence and uncontestable facts, his observations and conclusions unsullied by personal feelings, until novelist Cullin goes behind the cold, unsentimental surface to reveal for the first time the inner world of an obsessively private man.

Nasmyth made these models from observations of the moon before the moon's surface could be photographed.

Through his observations of man - made structures and objects he shows us an alternative reality, just below the surface of our experiences.

And of course the new paper by Hausfather et al, that made quite a bit of news recently, documents how meticulously scientists work to eliminate bias in sea surface temperature data, in this case arising from a changing proportion of ship versus buoy observations.

As we know from laboratory experiments, mathematical calculations, and observations of Venus and other planets in the Solar System, greenhouse gases change things in two ways: they trap heat from the sun in the lower atmosphere, thus making the surface of the planet warmer; and they keep heat from rising, thus making the upper atmosphere colder.

Since (by then) not all models showed more warming aloft than on the surface (which I wouldn't call a strong sign of reliability in the models) the gap between models and observations closed just enough to make both statistically compatible.

Senator and presidential candidate Ted Cruz recently organized a Senate hearing on the temperature record in which he called upon carefully selected witnesses to testify that calculations of temperature made by satellite observations of the upper atmosphere are superior to measurements made by thermometers at the Earth's surface.

The process of making consistent temperature records from surface measurements and satellite observations is complicated and is easy to misrepresent.

I have made plenty of observations of melt rate on the walls of moulins and it is similar to the surface rate, but is not very large.

To assure the model was realistic, the scientists drew on observations of changes in the altitude of the ice sheet surface made by NASA's IceSat satellite and airborne Operation IceBridge campaign.

«Major improvements include updated and substantially more complete input data from the ICOADS Release 2.5, revised Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOTs) and EOT acceptance criterion, updated sea surface temperature (SST) quality control procedures, revised SST anomaly (SSTA) evaluation methods, revised low - frequency data filing in data sparse regions using nearby available observations, updated bias adjustments of ship SSTs using Hadley Nighttime Marine Air Temperature version 2 (HadNMAT2), and buoy SST bias adjustments not previously made in v3b.»

«Previous observations have pointed to large methane plumes being released from the seabed in the relatively shallow sea off the northern coast of Siberia, but the latest findings were made far away from land in the deep, open ocean where the surface is usually capped by ice.»

The point is that this observation is not very relevant if the outcome comes from a combination of relevant and persistently warming data from areas where the temperature is strongly correlated with increase in the heat content of oceans, atmosphere and continental topmost layers, and almost totally irrelevant data from areas and seasons where and when exceptionally great natural variability of surface temperatures makes these temperatures essentially irrelevant for the determination of longterm trends.

I would assume that all that happens is that the transport of heat is changed in the model: if surface air temps in the model are too high compared to observations, more heat is made to go down into the ocean, and vice versa.

Over land, values of the relative humidity of surface air are determined quite directly from observational records for regions where plentiful observations of surface air humidity were made.

ALSO, those alterations to the Land surface made within the past 15 years are still to be expressed in observations, as is the cumulative effect «building up» within the past 15 years of kinetic energy induction from the past 400 years of Human produced surface alterations «IN TOTAL».

There are also long records of surface oceanic observations made from ships since the mid-19th century and by dedicated buoys since about the late 1970s.

Near global observations of other surface «weather» variables, such as precipitation and winds, have been made for about a hundred years.

This point was also made by Schmidt et al. (2014), which additionally showed that incorporating the most recent estimates of aerosol, solar, and greenhouse gas forcings, as well as the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and temperature measurement biases, the discrepancy between average GCM global surface warming projections and observations is significantly reduced.

Using a longer period would made the match of surface and radiosonde observation to models much worst in the period before 1979.

Scientists from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and DOE made satellite observations, which included sea surface height changes alongside data of ocean temperatures accumulated from 1970 to 2004.

«The team emphasized that clouds are particularly sensitive to subtle differences in surface warming patterns, and researchers must carefully account for such pattern effects when making inferences about cloud feedback and climate sensitivity from observations over short time periods.»

It's not rocket science although rocket science is responsible for the rockets which took instrumentation through Venus» atmosphere and landed them on the surface so we could make direct observations.

Cowtan and Way developed a methodology which relied on other limited sources of temperature information from the Arctic (such as floating buoys and satellite observations) to try to make an estimate of how the surface temperature was behaving in regions lacking more traditional temperature observations (the authors released an informative video explaining their research which may better help you understand what they did).

The 15 - year pause shows up on some the surface air temperature series, but does it make sense versus observations?