Sentences with phrase «synaptic changes in»
Her thesis was entitled «Synaptic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex in susceptibility and resilience to stress.»
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Dr. Shelanski and his team hypothesized that aberrant activation of caspase - 2 may cause synaptic changes in Alzheimer's disease.
Not exact matches
Each synaptic event and each neural impulse cause a change in the distributions of electrically charged atoms in the adjacent interstitial fluid.
The neuronal coverings that mediate synaptic changes are involved in everything from memory to psychiatric disorders, affecting autism, Alzheimer's, and addiction.
Thus, both the structural changes and the synaptic facilitation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses accompanying long - term behavioral sensitization can be produced in vitro by applying a single facilitating transmitter repeatedly.
These properties, which are believed to be important for the induction of long - term changes in synaptic strength, are imparted by asparagine residues in a putative channel - forming segment of the protein, transmembrane 2 (TM2).
They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.
Consistent with recent studies of such changes, we find that long - lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission between cultured hippocampal neurons is accompanied by an increase in the number of clusters of postsynaptic glutamate receptors containing the subunit GluR1.
A change in the efficiency of synaptic communication between neurons is thought to underlie learning.
After all, each brain is unique, and each brain keeps changing in response to new experiences, forming new synaptic connections between neurons and even — contrary to received wisdom a decade ago — growing new neurons.
«Up - regulating MHCI is essential for the maternal immune response, but changing MHCI activity in the fetal brain when synaptic connections are being formed could potentially affect synapse density,» Boulanger said.
In addition, the number of docking sites and the number of calcium clusters change in parallel with brain age and synaptic sizIn addition, the number of docking sites and the number of calcium clusters change in parallel with brain age and synaptic sizin parallel with brain age and synaptic size.
With this noninvasive method, researchers may be able to follow the progression of many brain disorders, including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease, by measuring changes in synaptic density over time.
This rapid, transmitter - mediated down - regulation of a cell adhesion molecule in the sensory neurons may be one of the early molecular changes in long - term synaptic facilitation.
According to Cheyette, this is some of the strongest evidence to date that WNT signaling could play a key role in driving psychiatric disease, and that it works through changes in synaptic communication between neurons.
Moser demonstrated a number of changes in the strength of connections between nerve cells — a phenomenon called synaptic plasticity — in the hippocampus as rats stored information in their long - term memory.
Learning more about how synapses change their connections could help scientists better understand neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, since many of the genetic alterations linked to autism are found in genes that code for synaptic proteins.
A new in vitro model Scientists developed a new research tool for this study that enabled them to monitor the spread of Tau aggregates whilst changing the synaptic connections between brain cells.
His lab is building detailed computer models of synapses and the networks they sustain in order to determine how they collect firing statistics during wakefulness and sleep and when they change synaptic strengths to reflect the difference.
Maternal alcohol consumption prior to and during pregnancy significantly affects cognitive functions in offspring, which may be related to changes in cyclin - dependent kinase 5 because it is associated with modulation of synaptic plasticity and impaired learning and memory.
It is «tempting to speculate that crucial aspects of synaptic transmission may have changed in modern humans,» the team wrote.
NMDA receptors are known to be involved in weakening or strengthening synapses in neural connections, changes that are called synaptic plasticity, and in memory formation.
«After a year of sound deprivation, we observed dramatic changes in the inner ear — notably, a significant loss of the synaptic connections through which the sensory cells send their electrical signals to the brain,» Dr. Maison said.
Since morphology changes of synapses underlie synaptic plasticity and our learning and memory, this will provide us with many new insights into mechanisms of how neurons store information in their morphology, how it changes synaptic strength and ultimately how it creates new memory.
With the combined use of genetics and pharmacology, the investigators altered the production of proteins controlled by eIF2α in adult mice, essentially converting them into adolescents by making them more susceptible to cocaine - induced changes in synaptic strength and behavior.
«While our findings are consistent with other reported changes in neuronal firing rates with attention, they go far beyond such descriptions, revealing never - before tested mechanisms at the synaptic level,» said study co-author Farran Briggs, PhD, assistant professor of Physiology and Neurobiology at the Geisel School of Medicine.
Unexpectedly, these behavioral changes were accompanied by an increase in inhibitory synaptic transmission with no apparent effect on excitatory synapses.
Bailey now uses imaging technology to observe the changes in the synaptic connections in single motor neurons, as they are subjected to physiological stimulation in a culture dish.
We will explore the function of these genes in controlling synaptic homeostasis, develop novel imaging approaches to visualize homeostatic changes in real time, and systematically screen genes implicated in aging and longevity for roles in homeostatic plasticity.
An Age - Dependent Change in the Set Point of Synaptic Homeostasis.
We use a number of experimental approaches to gain a greater understanding of translational control mechanisms necessary for maintaining long - lasting changes in synaptic strength and memory.
We are particularly interested in an emotional stress - induced change in endocannabinoid signaling and synaptic transmission and the effects of stress on the activity of a neuronal circuitthat is associated with learning / memory (see J. Neurosci.31: 501, 2011, 29:381, 2009; Nature Neurosci.
BDNF induces widespread changes in synaptic protein content and up - regulates components of the translation machinery: an analysis using high - throughput proteomics.
Describing the association of morphological changes in dendritic spines with long - term synaptic plasticity
He is one of the world's leading researchers on synaptic plasticity in the brain and has pioneered new optical methods of observing the structural changes in the living brain as it adapts to its environment.
Researchers have discovered a new form of synaptic plasticity, the changes to nerve cells in the brain that underlie learning and memory.
This allows for a more precise evaluation of the attendant cellular, synaptic and physiological changes that occur in response to the initial lesion.
Title: Synaptic transmission changes in fear memory circuits underlie key features of an animal model of schizophrenia Author: M. Pollard et al..
Analysis of synaptic gene expression in the neocortex of primates reveals evolutionary changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Drug - evoked synaptic plasticity in addiction: from molecular changes to circuit remodeling.
Temporal changes in synaptic proteins in hippocampal slices indicated acute synaptic loss, followed by synapse formation and maintenance phases.
Synaptic pruning and other changes that occur in the adolescent brain give teenagers the tools to start making decisions on their own — even if they're bad decisions, says Luna.
It is the changes in the synaptic connections in areas of the brain such as the cerebral cortex and hippocampus that is associated with the learning and retention of new information.
Changes in the abundance of these receptors alter synaptic transmission in the aged brain.
It is therefore essential to understand how changes in synaptic transmission can regulate the organization and dynamics of actin binding proteins (ABPs).
To examine this hypothesis we will identify the molecular changes to astrocytes during the aging process and then determine how these changes in aging affect the synaptic connections between neurons.
Restricted expression of UNC - 7S from the Punc - 7S promoter allowed us to recognize AVB: B motor neuron gap junctions in live animals and has served as a useful tool for examining changes in synaptic connectivity [29].
Kauwe and others in Haghighi's lab are exploring why such a change in the set point of synaptic transmission occurs so rapidly, and how dampening neuron activity might be beneficial in treating, or even preventing, neurodegenerative diseases.
The study does not explain what does maintain working memories if low - level activation doesn't, but changes in synaptic weights — or the potential one neuron has to affect the behavior of another across a synapse — might be the answer.
It has been proven to promote positive changes in synaptic functioning.