Sentences with phrase «t cell receptors»

Dr Mateusz Legut said, «The T cells we made using genome editing do not have any of their own T cell receptors left, and therefore the only receptor they can use is the one specific for cancer.

These cells often have virus - specific T cell receptors, as well as other surface markers that distinguish them from their youthful counterparts, and they are thought to play a major role in the decline of the immune system with age.

«Although molecules such as FcRn do function in the immune system, in that they transport immunoglobulin, they certainly don't present antigens to T cell receptors, the primary function of MHC proteins,» said Bjorkman.

T cell receptors are specific for MHC / peptides complexes.

Malissen, B. & Malissen, M. in T cell receptors (eds.

Adaptive immune responses are initiated by the clonal selection of naive T lymphocytes, which recognize their cognate ligands through antigen - specific T cell receptors.

Stanford School of Medicine researchers, working with scientists at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, have made discoveries about the ways in which T cell receptors (shown in bright red) recognize invaders in the body.

But Clark and her colleagues have taken a new approach: instead of looking during the height of activity, they examined lesion sites after treatment, and identified T cell receptors of cells at these sites that were shared across psoriatic patients but not found in healthy individuals or those with other skin conditions.

However, previous studies have shown that identical twins share more T cell receptors than would be statistically expected.

Indeed, the diversity of T cell receptors generated before birth is known to be lower than in adults, increasing the odds of two unrelated people sharing the same receptor.

Here, Patil et al. have carried out single RNA - seq and sequenced the T cell receptors (TCRs) of CD4 + T cells from human blood to identify precursors that give rise to CD4 - CTLs.

As part of this system, two enzymes called Rag1 and Rag2 cut apart and rearrange DNA within immune cells, helping to create the body's millions of unique antibodies and T cell receptors — each specific for a particular microbe.

The accuracy for human eye and hair color is much higher at 0.9, and chronological age — based on T cell receptors — is the same.

Grouping T cell receptors for a given epitope revealed underlying common features that characterized the bulk of the repertoire,» said first author Pradyot Dash, D.V.M., Ph.D., a staff scientist in Thomas» laboratory.

«With this algorithm we have a system to identify critical features of T cell receptors that recognize the same antigen and how they interact.

Genomic rearrangement means that a large number of different T cell receptors are possible.

The immune system depends on molecules called T cell receptors on the surface of T cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens from virus - infected cells, tumors and other threats.

The tools included TCRdist, which researchers used to calculate the similarity and differences of key features of T cell receptors, such as amino acid sequences in important regions for antigen recognition.

«We were looking at the amino acid sequences of T cell receptors when Tomer asked what the corresponding epitope was for a particular receptor,» Thomas said.

Like the Rosetta Stone that scholars used to decode hieroglyphics, researchers trained the algorithm with more than 4,600 T cell receptors and then used it to correctly assign 81 percent of the human T cells and 78 percent of mouse T cells to one of 10 different viral epitopes.

Each epitope is targeted by a pool of T cells bearing different, but specific, T cell receptors to recognize and respond.

Thomas speculated that as many as 10 percent of T cell receptors are outliers that help the immune system recognize and rapidly respond to mutations that might otherwise help virus - infected cells and other threats delay detection.

«In fact, 85 percent of the T cell receptors classified correctly had not previously been identified,» Thomas said.

«Until now, this amazing diversity has thwarted efforts to categorize T cell receptors that recognize and respond to the same antigen,» said Paul Thomas, Ph.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Immunology.

Researchers also noticed that epitopes included clusters of T cell receptors that shared key similarities as well as less similar «outlier» receptors.

The algorithm was built using tools the researchers developed to define how T cell receptors recognize a part of the antigen called the epitope.

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules capture peptides within the endocytic pathway to generate T cell receptor (TCR) ligands.

The team used a statistical model of T cell receptor formation to analyze receptor DNA sequences in blood samples from adult pairs of identical twins.

Without it, NFAT initiates a negative regulatory program that activates genes encoding inhibitory cell surfaces markers and blunts signals received by the T cell receptor.

«T - cell receptor therapy achieves encouraging clinical responses in multiple myeloma: NY - ESO T cell receptor therapy found to be safe, with no cytokine release syndrome cases.»

Results from a clinical trial investigating a new T cell receptor (TCR) therapy that uses a person's own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells demonstrated a clinical response in 80 percent of multiple myeloma patients with advanced disease after undergoing autologous stem cell transplants (ASCT).

He is part of the team that cloned the gene for the human T cell receptor in 1984, which he describes as «the Holy Grail of immunology.»

Abraham Kupfer describes the three - dimensional structure of supramolecular activation clusters (SMACs), the interface between an antigen presenting cell and a lymphocyte (including key molecules the T cell receptor and the major histocompatibility complex), [i] later coined the immunological synapse and further elucidated by Arash Grakoui, Michael Dustin, Paul Allen, and Andrey Shaw.

Preselection thymocytes are more sensitive to T cell receptor stimulation than mature T cells.

Actin and agonist MHC - peptide complex - dependent T cell receptor microclusters as scaffolds for signaling.

Steven A. Rosenberg and colleagues show that bulk T cells transduced with T cell receptor genes are used to treat patients with melanoma, bypassing the need to expand tumor - specific T cells from patients with cancer.

Yasushi Itoh and Ronald N. Germain report studies emphasizing the hierarchical organization of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling thresholds for induction of distinct cytokine responses, and demonstrate that this threshold phenomenon applies to individual cells.

Teh, H.S., Kishi, H. & von Boehmer, H. Deletion of autospecific T cells in T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice spares cells with normal TCR levels and low levels of CD8 molecules.

Although T cell receptor engagement was sufficient to induce CD39 on human CD8 + T cells, exposure to IL - 6 and IL - 27 promoted CD39 expression on stimulated CD8 + T cells from human or murine sources.

Bioley G, Dousset C, Yeh A, Dupont B, Bhardwaj N, Mears G, Old LJ, Ayyoub M, Valmori D. Vaccination with recombinant NY - ESO - 1 protein elicits immunodominant HLA - DR52b - restricted CD4 + T cell responses with a conserved T cell receptor repertoire.

Yachi, P.P., Ampudia, J., Gascoigne, N.R.J. & Zal, T. Nonstimulatory peptides contribute to antigen - induced CD8 - T cell receptor interaction at the immunological synapse.

CRI presents the 1993 Coley Award to Pamela Bjorkman, Jack Strominger, and Don Wiley for solving the structure of the MHC - antigen complex; to John Kappler and Philippa Marrack for the isolation of the T cell receptor; and to Alvaro Morales for establishing the effectiveness of BCG in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.

A majority of T cells bearing the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) are specific for peptides bound to polymorphic classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.

Arthur Weiss and colleagues report the discovery of ZAP - 70 and its association with the T cell receptor following activation.

Liu, K.Q., Bunnell, S.C., Gurniak, C.B. & Berg, L.J. T cell receptor - initiated calcium release is uncoupled from capacitative calcium entry in Itk - deficient T cells.

T cell receptor ligation induces the formation of dynamically regulated signaling assemblies.

James P. Allison, Bradley W. McIntyre, and David Bloch report the first biochemical description of the αβ - T cell receptor.

«By exposing a crystallized form of the molecular complex to a high - intensity X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron,» Le Nours says, «we were able to obtain a detailed 3 - D image of the molecular interplay between the invariant natural killer T cell receptor and AH10 - 7.»

Infant T cell repertoire analysis combines quantitative PCR to determine relative frequency of T cell receptor chain families with deep sequencing (LINK TO URI GSC) of the CDR3 region to evaluate clonal diversity within each family.

It implies that any residual engagement of the T cell receptor on Th cells would result in anergy and contribute to tolerance rather than allogeneic responses.