Sentences with phrase «t cell response»

The use of whole tumor RNA as the antigenic payload allows for an HLA - independent, whole antigen approach that aims to promote a polyclonal anti-tumor T cell response.

However, understanding the importance of the T cell response could help researchers prevent the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in autoimmune patients.

A new study, led by Aron E. Lukacher, chair and professor of microbiology and immunology, and Saumya Maru, an MD / PhD graduate student, has uncovered more details about what it takes to generate a good tissue - resident memory T cell response against repeat infections.

Subsequent work identified a different protein on the surface of T cells — PD - 1 — as another key regulator of T cell response.

In the future, people inoculated with vaccines that induce a strong tissue - resident memory T cell response will be «protected from the infection much more efficiently,» Lukacher said.

These findings raise the possibility that viral shell mutations may influence the T cell response to John Cunningham polyomavirus in humans, and play a role in the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the researchers wrote in the Journal of Virology.

«We found that mouse polyomaviruses with a single amino acid change in their shell elicit a very different magnitude and quality of the T cell response that is needed to control the infection,» Lukacher said.

When abatacept binds to CD28 on the T cell surface, it prevents the second signal from being delivered, thus turning down the T cell response.

The researchers also found that a signaling protein called type I interferon controlled the difference in T cell response in mice with this mutant polyomavirus.

This novel pattern of a virus - specific CD8 + T cell response suggests that continuous or repetitive exposure to Ag can slowly mold memory T cell populations over time.

I am currently working with Zika virus and how it affects the T cell response and T cell signaling through tumor necrosis receptor (TNFR) signaling components OX40, 4 - 1BB, and CD27 in specific mouse model systems.

In contrast, we show here that the CD8 T cell response in chronically infected mice was dominated by only five epitopes.

Of these, CMV appears to be the most immunogenic, with the CD8 T cell response representing over 10 % of the CD8 pool in many elderly donors.

These efforts have resulted in the discovery of previously unknown human T cell epitopes that may be key in the initiation of allergic responses, and to the development of biochemical and bioinformatic tools that have been used to map the human T cell response to a large panel of common allergens.

Research Focus: My research project focuses on the T cell response of mycobacterium tuberculosis to further understand how the current BCG vaccine can be improved.

As GVHD was thought to be a result of naive T cell response (2).

Acute infection of C57BL / 6 mice with murine CMV elicits a very broad CD8 T cell response, comprising at least 24 epitopes from 18 viral proteins.

Cassian Yee, M.D. University of Washington Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Adoptive therapy of cancer: strategies to augment the antigen - specific T cell response

No T cell response or inflammation was observed.

Furthermore, direct injection in this small and immunologically privileged site can potentially overcome limitations linked to systemic injection which would require a very high dose to target the CNS and can be neutralized by anti AAV antibodies or may trigger the activation of CD8 + T cell response.

I have devoted my career to understanding the T cell response to viral infection.

Because GVHD is primarily a result of a naive T cell response (50), treating GVHD with VPA may offer a great advantage.

Although the interactions of ICAM / LFA, CD40 / CD40L, and B7 / CD28 explain how the early T cell response is driven, these interactions are not sufficient for promoting effective memory.

While cytotoxic lymphocytes are known to produce anti-tumor activity, T cell response can be modulated by activating and inhibitory co-receptors.

The hallmark of an effective T cell response is the formation of a stable long - lived population of cells that mediate immune memory.

Understanding how these secondary signals modulate T cell response has led to new therapeutic strategies.

Humans with FHL2 may not have a truly naive immune response to their viral trigger, as they could possess a pre-existing memory T cell response to an HLH trigger without prior exposure to this specific trigger.

Effect of CD4 + CD25 + and CD4 + CD25 - T regulatory cells on the generation of cytolytic T cell response to a self but human tumor - associated epitope in vitro.

Evidence from these studies indicates that the use of mismatched MSC does not provoke a proliferative T cell response in allogeneic MLR, thus suggesting an immunosuppressive role for MSC 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88.

These results suggest that MSC mediate allogeneic tolerance by directing APC towards a suppressor or inhibitory phenotype that results in an attenuated or regulatory T cell response.

Replicating her experiments in T cell - competent mice confirmed that both mouse models mount a robust CD8 + T cell response to Zika infection.

The establishment of a T cell response requires a direct interaction between T cells and antigen presenting cells (APC).

If your initial acute phase T cell response is limited and weak, there is less opportunity for PD - 1 blockade to work.»

The researchers found that the personal vaccine induced a focused T cell response against several tumor neoantigens, beyond what is normally seen in response to existing immunotherapies.

Comparing the magnitude and characteristics of WNV - specific CD4 + T cell response in individuals of similar ages with either neuroinvasive disease or asymptomatic infection, the researchers found that, independent of age, individuals with neuroinvasive disease had higher numbers of WNV - specific CD4 + T cells.

«Is there an existing T cell response that is of high quality that we should build upon — with checkpoint blockade, for example?

Subsequent exposure of uninfected dendritic cells to these extracellular TB antigens led to a strong T cell response, even in the absence of the TB bacterium and infection of dendritic cells.

«SynNotch receptors essentially allow us to confine the T cell response at the site of disease with the goal of enhancing the ability of the T cell to, for example, overcome the inhospitable microenvironment of a solid tumor.

Significantly, the vaccines were able to stimulate both arms of the immune system — a T cell response and an antibody response.

To fend off HIV, researchers introduced one vaccine (ALVAC - HIV) to induce a T cell response — thereby alerting the immune system — and another (AIDSVAX B / E) later to spur an antibody response.

In short - term infections such as a cold or flu, PD - 1 helps to regulate an initial strong T cell response, preventing the T cells from over proliferating and attacking the body's own cells after the infection is cleared.

To fend off HIV, researchers introduced one vaccine (ALVAC) to induce a T cell response — thereby alerting the immune system — and another (AIDSVAX) later to spur an antibody response.

«It has the magic of both great antibody response and inducing a strong, strong T cell response that will be a safety net — so if a virus breaks through the first line of defense, you will have T cells to make sure you don't get very sick,» Sullivan says.

That development is important because a T cell response will likely confer longer - term protection than current inoculations do and defend against a variety of flu strains (because T cells would be on the lookout for several different features of the flu virus whereas antibodies would be primarily focused on the shape of a specific strain).

Interleukin - 1 is important for developing the killer T cell response against the virus, but it also affects the part of the brain in the hypothalamus that regulates body temperature, resulting in fever and headaches.

NKp46 was critical for the subsequent development of antiviral and antibacterial T cell responses, which suggests that the regulation of NK cell function by NKp46 allows for the optimal development of adaptive immune responses.

They demonstrated that non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice treated with a specific (AID / RAD51) pathway inhibitor had larger populations of certain B cells that were capable of suppressing diabetogenic T cell responses, and greatly reduced T1D development, compared with untreated controls.

But HIV - 1 mutates to escape CD8 + T cell responses, so is this strategy even possible?

In theory, the ideal vaccine might mimic both antibody and T cell responses to block an infectious disease.

«No matter what antigen we picked, we were able to drive the full antibody and T cell responses,» Khan says.