Sentences with phrase «t cell stimulation»

Another set of experiments traced the connection between dendritic cells and T cell stimulation.

Not exact matches

The powerful, durable protection conferred by the candidate vaccine is due in large part to its strong stimulation of CD4 helper T cells, which are important for maintaining long - term antibody immunity.

Preselection thymocytes are more sensitive to T cell receptor stimulation than mature T cells.

We recently reported that CD8 (+) T cells responding to innate - like IL - 12 + IL - 18 stimulation and co-expressing the transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) and KIR / NKG2A membrane receptors with a memory / EMRA phenotype may represent a new, functionally distinct innate T cell subset in humans.

Although B - and T - cell development were normal, CD4 (+) T cells lacking Emk exhibited a marked upregulation of the memory marker CD44 / pgp -1 and produced more gamma interferon and interleukin - 4 on stimulation through the T - cell receptor in vitro.

This subset of CD8 (+) T cells bears a memory phenotype without having encountered a foreign antigen and can respond to innate - like IL - 12 + IL - 18 stimulation.

To determine if this was also true for Cbl - b − / − and DKO T cells, we isolated naive CD8 + T cells from mice deficient in DGKζ, Cbl - b, or both, prior to stimulation with anti-CD3 (Fig. 3D — F).

More specifically, we found that T cells from DGKζ − / − and Cbl - b − / − mice exhibit similar levels of enhanced proliferation at low levels of TCR stimulation.

Naive CD8 + T cell experiments were performed with 5 × 104 cells per stimulation.

This suggests that DGKζ - deficient CD8 + T cells are more dependent on help from CD4 + T cells at limiting dilutions of anti-CD3 stimulation.

As has been noted by others (35), T cells from infected DGKζ − / − or DKO mice demonstrated enhanced IFN - γ production after stimulation with LCMV - specific peptides gp33 and np396 (Fig. 5D), and T cells from infected DGKζ − / − mice demonstrated enhanced IFN - γ production after stimulation with LCMV - specific peptide gp276 relative to T cells from WT mice (Fig. 5D).

As an additional finding, we observed little stimulation of purified naive DGKζ - deficient CD8 + T cells, relative to Cbl - b — deficient or DKO cells (compare Fig. 3A with Fig. 3D), at limiting dilutions of anti-CD3 (0.3 μg / ml), when compared with DGKζ - deficient T cells in a mixed population.

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase - activating Peptide (PACAP) Recruits Low Voltage - activated T - type Calcium Influx under Acute Sympathetic Stimulation in Mouse Adrenal Chromaffin Cells.

Previous work demonstrated that loss of either DGKζ or Cbl - b results in enhanced activation of both Erk and NF - κB pathways in T cells after stimulation of the TCR (29); however, the relative intensity of signaling changes downstream of the TCR in T cells after loss of each protein has not been directly compared.

PACAP recruits a low voltage activated T - type calcium influx under acute sympathetic stimulation in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells.

(C) Intracellular granzyme B was measured from purified T cells gated from CD8 + populations after 24 and 72 h of stimulation with 0.3 μg / ml anti-CD3 stimulation.

Peptide stimulation of T cells from Cbl - b − / − infected mice were similar in their ability to produce IFN - γ relative to WT controls (Fig. 5D), as previously seen in mice injected with a low dose of LCMV Docile (37).

Double - knockout T cells demonstrated enhanced function above that observed with single - knockout T cells after weak, but not strong, stimulation.

However, stimulated naive DGKζ − / − CD8 + T cells are less responsive to low levels of anti-CD3 stimulation than Cbl - b − / − CD8 + T cells.

(C) Percent of total CD8 T cells specific for gp33 or NP396 determined by IFN - γ production following in vitro peptide stimulation with the respective peptide in gp33 immunized and control mice on day 7 postinfection (CD90 +, CD8 +, CD44 +, IFN - γ +)(n = 4).

These include T - cell depletion by apoptosis; anergy (ie, the process by which T cells that are presented with a peptide in the absence of costimulatory signals become refractory to further stimulation with the antigen and are therefore inactivated); and the development of regulatory T cells, which can actively suppress antigen - specific responses following re-challenge with the antigen.

In infected mice, absolute numbers of splenic gp33 - specific CD8 T cells in immunized mice were increased 6-fold compared with control mice as shown by IFN - γ production with peptide stimulation (Fig. 2B).

Additionally, splenocytes derived from transgenic animals that had been immunized with one or the other candidate did not activate an AS - specific T - cell reaction following in vitro stimulation with AS or the candidate antigens themselves.

Although mice deficient in BTLA do not show lymphocyte developmental defects, T cells from these animals are hyperresponsive to anti-CD3 Ab stimulation.

A Th2 profile with increase in the numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells secreting IL - 4 following polyclonal stimulation, including in resting cells, was demonstrated in CFS patients [13].

A human in vitro skin explant assay which detects excess stimulation of immune cells (T - lymphocytes) by antigen presenting cells.

Janbazian L, Price DA, Canderan G, Filali - Mouhim A, Asher TE, Ambrozak DR, Scheinberg P, Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Koup RA, Douek DC, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L. Clonotype and repertoire changes drive the functional improvement of HIV - specific CD8 T cell populations under conditions of limited antigenic stimulation.

When absolute purity is not necessary, as is often the case with in vitro stimulation of T cells, magnetic cell separation can deliver highly enriched cells faster, with significant cost - savings, and without exposure to harsh separation protocols like flow cytometric sorting, or chemical gradients.

CpG stimulation of precursor B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia induces a distinct change in costimulatory molecule expression and shifts allogeneic T cells towards a Th1 response.

Importantly, the team also found that, in mice, antibody - mediated stimulation of this receptor following a bone marrow transplant increased the number of donor - derived T - cells and boosted initial thymus recovery.

IL - 6 has been shown to be involved in diverse physiological processes such as T - cell activation, induction of immunoglobulin secretion, initiation of hepatic acute phase protein synthesis, and stimulation of hematopoietic precursor cell proliferation and differentiation.

Virus variants with weaker stimulation gave rise to tissue - resident memory T cells in the mouse brain that were better able to fight off a second infection there.

While our data suggest cytokines may be sufficient to activate the innate - like T cells under some conditions, this does not exclude a role for TCR stimulation in promoting activation or augmenting responses under other conditions.

Their T - cells are less responsive to stimulation, secreting fewer mediators and dividing less.

According to Gregory Freund, M.D. of the University of Illinois, «Soluble fiber changes immune cells from being pro-inflammatory warrior cells to anti-inflammatory peacekeeper cells» as a result of the T - cell stimulation.

For example, studies of medical students facing examinations and kindergarten children beginning school reveal changes in immune functioning potentially prognostic for adverse health outcomes, including changes in numbers of total t - lymphocytes, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and lymphocyte responsivity to mitogenic stimulation (e.g., 8, 9).