Sentences with phrase «t cells form»

T cells form a vital component of our adaptive immune system.

In vivo anergized T cells form altered immunological synapses in vitro.

Infection of the dendritic cells can not be detected, but the clustered T cells form syncytia, release virions, and die.

Not exact matches

CAR - T cell therapy is a form of immunotherapy, a rapidly developing cancer treatment that uses patients» own immune cells to attack tumors.

Mice receiving CD4 + T cells along with NAD + present had a significant delayed onset of disease, as well as a less severe form, therefore demonstrating the molecule's protective properties.

The so - called STEP trial, sponsored by pharmaceutical giant Merck & Co. and the federally funded HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), was the first to test the idea of stimulating the immune system's killer T cells to hunt for the virus more aggressively, in this case using a weakened form of the cold virus to carry three genes from HIV.

A team of scientists and doctors from the SingHealth Duke - NUS Academic Medical Centre (AMC) has uncovered a new group of regulatory T (Treg) cells and DNA features associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), the most common form of arthritis among children under the age of 16.

In this process, several hundred times more cells of the so - called myeloid lineage (thrombocytes, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes) form than long - lived lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, natural killer cells) do.

It is not clear whether all of the T cell clones that respond to the initial infection have the potential to form memory T cells.

When T cells respond to a pathogen, they proliferate, and a fraction of their progeny goes on to form long - lived memory cells.

When they find an intruder, the dendritic cells brandish a sample (think of a most - wanted poster) and rush to the lymphatic system, where they present it to T cells, whose role is to form a posse and fan out through the body to hunt down and kill any proteins that look like the poster.

The orbital remodeling in TED is likely induced by infiltrating T lymphocytes and mast cells, which activate orbital fibroblast effector cells to either proliferate and form scar - producing cells called myofibroblasts or turn into pro-inflammatory fat cells.

The MSRs were then coated with lipids that formed a thin supported lipid bilayer (SLB), which resembles the outer membrane of APCs and that the researchers then functionalized with a pair of T cell - stimulating antibodies that remain mobile in the lipid layer and can bind to receptor / co-receptor molecules on the surface of T cells.

CD3E, together with CD3 - gamma, CD3 - delta, and CD3 - zeta, and the T - cell receptor alpha / beta and gamma / delta heterodimers, forms the T - cell receptor — CD3 protein complex.

If the T cells judge the pieces to be foreign or in need of removal, they reproduce, forming an army of clones that hunt down infected and rogue cells in the body.

But in this woman's case, CD8 + T cells directly suppressed replication of the virus, preventing it from evolving into a more virulent form.

In healthy cells, telomeres protect the chromosome by tucking away any overhanging ends of DNA strands to form a lasso - like structure known as a T - loop.

Until now, most researchers have focused on one of two strategies: attacking tumors with antibodies, which activate the innate immune system, or stimulating T cells, which form the backbone of the adaptive immune system.

«Recent successes in cancer immunotherapy — in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T cell transfer — demonstrate how activated immune cells can eradicate tumors, but until now we didn't fully appreciate immunosurveillance or the role of adaptive immunity in tumor formation,» said senior author Michael Karin, PhD, Distinguished Professor of Pharmacology and Pathology at UC San Diego School of Medicine.

An international group of researchers led by Professor Christoph Hess from the Department of Biomedicine at the University of Basel and University Hospital Basel have now found a structure that accounts for the rapid immunologic memory of particular immune cells (CD8 + memory T cells): these important memory cells form multiple connections between mitochondria — the powerhouses of cells — and the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of protein production.

«The idea basically is that a vaccine should induce antibodies T cells immune response, that would neutralise HIV in all of its forms,» explains Ulrich Fruth, vaccine development and evaluation team leader at the World Health Organisation, in Geneva, Switzerland.

Kheradmand and her graduate student Ms. Ran You found that this form of carbon black caused double - stranded breaks in the cell's DNA, a state that is very difficult to repair, and activates T helper 17 cells, inducing chronic inflammation in the lungs.

The drug forms a complex with cyclophilin A and a third protein, calcineurin, which is needed to activate the T cells of the immune system.

Instead, the body seems to keep these so - called self - reactive T cells in benign form to fight potential invaders later.

Antibody responses are initiated in lymph nodes close to the site of initial infection (so - called draining lymph nodes, or DLNs), where antigen - presenting cells, helper T cells, and antibody - producing B cells migrate to and interact to form so - called «germinal centers» and produce a highly specific antibody response.

If the T - cells miss their target or if they mistakenly order the destruction of a healthy cell, the result will be disease in the form of infection, cancer, allergies or auto - immune conditions.

In recent clinical trials, CAR T cell therapy has dramatically improved the outcomes of blood cancer patients with advanced, otherwise untreatable forms of leukemia and lymphoma.

The treatment is a form of so - called CAR - T cell therapy.

The treatment is a form of CAR T - cell therapy.

Dark - brown T cells — a sign of immune rejection — invade tissue formed by iPS cells.

But as malignant cells multiply and form tumors, they release biochemical signals that suppress the immune system and the T - cells no longer function properly.

After exposure to HIV - 1, dendritic cells continue to present superantigens and antigens, forming clusters with T cells that are driven to replicate.

There's also a long - term risk from the gene therapy that we think is small, because we've genetically altered the T cells with a viral vector that's actually a modified, non-pathogenic form of HIV, the AIDS virus.

But efforts to develop adoptive T cell therapies for solid tumors have hit upon a number of challenges; the only gene therapies to show significant benefit for patients have been in liquid tumors — forms of leukemia and lymphoma.

Mast cells and dendritic cells form synapses that facilitate antigen transfer for T cell activation.

A real cure for HIV has been elusive because the virus can «hide» in a latent form in resting CD4 - T cells.

Apoptosis has been implicated as a T cell - dependent immune effector mechanism in various forms of organ graft rejection (29 — 31).

Signaling through CD28 and CTLA - 4 controls two distinct forms of T cell anergy.

«By exposing a crystallized form of the molecular complex to a high - intensity X-ray beam at the Australian Synchrotron,» Le Nours says, «we were able to obtain a detailed 3 - D image of the molecular interplay between the invariant natural killer T cell receptor and AH10 - 7.»

These characterizations were requisite because work by others demonstrated that expression of a constitutively active form of another DGK allele important in regulating DAG levels in T cells, DGKα, resulted in developmental blockade of T cells between progression from DN to DP (40).

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive form of malignant lymphoma of T / null lineage (1).

The big challenge previous allergy researchers faced was that immune cells, known as T - cells, tended to develop a form of «memory» so that once someone developed an immune response to an allergen, it would easily recur upon future contact.

The authors provide nice evidence that the levels of antibody produced are sufficient for protection and that depleting T cells has no discernible effect on protection once antibody has formed.

New research into CAR - T cell therapy has revealed crucial mechanisms that could help the immunotherapy technique, which is currently only effective against blood cancers, be adapted for the treatment of brain tumors and other forms of solid cancers.

Tumors» mutations can encode the seeds of their own destruction, in the form of immunogenic peptides recognized by T cells.

For many years, Rosenberg's group has been experimenting with a form of immunotherapy called adoptive T cell transfer.

One specific form of this approach, called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, has been shown in early clinical trials to be particularly effective at treating lymphoma.

This is often enough to halt the infection but the second part of the immune response is adaptive immunity, when dendritic cells activate T lymphocytes and trigger a cascade of immune reactions, such as the formation of antibodies and killer cells that clear the infection from the body and form a memory of the invading pathogen.

Rothman immediately realised the importance of the result, and proposed the «SNARE hypothesis» for vesicle transport and exocytosis as a general process in all cell types: vesicle proteins specifically bind to target proteins in the plasma membrane to form a «v - t» complex which is necessary for vesicle and membrane fusion to proceed.

CAR - T cell therapy is a specific form of adoptive T cell transfer in which T cells are removed from the patient, genetically engineered in the lab to recognize a cancer antigen, expanded to billions of copies, and then returned to the patient.