Sentences with phrase «t cells recognize»

GVHD is an immune - mediated disease in which donor T cells recognize and attack the histocompatibility - disparate recipient; it involves multiple organs, such as the lung, liver, intestinal tract, and skin (2 — 4).

As a result of this «training,» mature T cells recognize those proteins as part of the normal biology.

It also may lead to a better understanding of what T cells recognize when fighting cancers and why they are triggered to attack healthy cells in autoimmune diseases such as diabetes and multiple sclerosis.

Killer T cells recognize tiny, mutated bits of these antigens, known as neoepitopes.

T cells are thought to be able to provide protection across different strains, says Teijaro, because the bits of influenza virus the T cells recognize do not mutate as much as the influenza surface proteins, the target of antibodies.

Unlike antibodies, the T cells recognize flu viruses based on shared internal proteins.

When these pre-programmed T cells recognize an infection, they destroy the invader.

However, when pathogenic T cells recognize autoantigens, i.e. elements of the body's own substances such as the myelin sheath, these T cells trigger an autoimmune disease.

One of immunology's great unknowns was how T cells recognized the antigen that marked an invader for destruction.

Not exact matches

When T cells specifically recognize influenza virus proteins, they then begin to proliferate in the lymph nodes around the lungs and throat.

Santa Monica, California - based Kite is developing chimeric antigen receptor T - cell therapy, known as a CAR T, which harnesses the body's own immune cells to recognize and attack malignant cells.

His work indicates that this cell surface marker could serve as a target for a novel brain cancer vaccine or T - cell therapies engineered to recognize and kill tumors carrying that neoantigen.

The long - term persistence of CD8αα + T cells where initial infection occurs may explain why patients have asymptomatic recurrences of genital herpes because these cells constantly recognize and eliminate the virus, according to Jia Zhu, Ph.D., corresponding author, research assistant professor in Laboratory Medicine at the University of Washington and an affiliate investigator in the Fred Hutch Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division.

Previously, Derek Danahy of the University of Iowa and colleagues showed that sepsis disrupts the immune system by reducing the amount and function of memory T cells that circulate throughout the body, recognizing and attacking specific bacteria, viruses, or cancer cells.

The algorithm was built using tools the researchers developed to define how T cell receptors recognize a part of the antigen called the epitope.

«Until now, this amazing diversity has thwarted efforts to categorize T cell receptors that recognize and respond to the same antigen,» said Paul Thomas, Ph.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Immunology.

Thomas speculated that as many as 10 percent of T cell receptors are outliers that help the immune system recognize and rapidly respond to mutations that might otherwise help virus - infected cells and other threats delay detection.

Each epitope is targeted by a pool of T cells bearing different, but specific, T cell receptors to recognize and respond.

One way cancer cells do this is by expressing a protein ligand that binds to a receptor on the T cells to prevent the T cell from recognizing and attacking the cancer cell.

The immune system depends on molecules called T cell receptors on the surface of T cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens from virus - infected cells, tumors and other threats.

Pembrolizumab, which is marketed under the brand name Keytruda, works by turning off the immune system's brakes, allowing its T cells to recognize and attack cancer cells.

«With this algorithm we have a system to identify critical features of T cell receptors that recognize the same antigen and how they interact.

The protein puts the immune system's brakes on, keeping its T cells from recognizing and attacking cancer cells, said Dr. Antoni Ribas, the study's principal investigator and a professor of medicine in the division of hematology - oncology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

Although Coley couldn't explain precisely why or how his toxins worked, modern immunotherapy treatments help T - cells in the immune system to recognize specific cancer cells and attack them.

Hiding out in CD4 cells HIV's resting place is the immune system's memory CD4 T cells, which have the ability to recognize foreign bacteria and viruses from previous encounters.

By masking checkpoint receptors, Yervoy and Opdivo expand the number of circulating, tumor - recognizing T cells.

So with checkpoint blockade T cells will recognize new peptides that shouldn't be there.

T cells genetically engineered to make the chimeric antigen receptor can recognize and target tumor cells.

If so, then different devils» perfectly matched «identity cards» would prevent their killer T cells from recognizing each other's tissues as foreign.

«Although we found that chemotherapy activated the T cells, the levels of the protein PD - L1 [to which the immune checkpoint molecule PD - 1 binds to disable T cells and prevent them from recognizing and destroying the cancer cells] remained the same or increased.

Through adoptive transfer, these mice then received donor T cells that had not been exposed to ovalbumin and therefore did not recognize it as a tolerable antigen.

Each T cell, scientists believed, was programmed to recognize a particular snippet of protein, or peptide, unique to invaders such as bacteria, viruses or tumor cells.

However, in some patients, the leukemia recurred without the CD19 target and expressed a protein that the CAR T cells were unable to recognize — CD22.

In PLAT - 02, the CAR T cells are reprogrammed to recognize and target the CD19 protein that is expressed by most precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.

In an effort to block Aire and prevent the immune system from killing off T - cells that might recognize melanoma, researchers tested a compound, an anti-RANKL antibody in mice.

To find out, Deng et al. tested whether people chronically infected with HIV - 1 harbor CD8 + T cells that can recognize unmutated portions of latent HIV - 1.

«But a small percentage of these T - cells, by chance, can recognize cells that are «self.»

Next, T cells — the immune system's foot soldiers — are harvested from the patient's blood and infected with the virus, which rewrites their genetic code to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

But T cells in mice with the variant antibody had learned to recognize the protein as «self» and so couldn't respond.

Simultaneously, a cell - mediated immunity system also becomes active, deploying cytotoxic T - cells to directly recognize and kill pathogen - infected cells.

The findings provide new insights into the immune system's T cells, each of which possesses receptor proteins that allow it to recognize a specific pathogen.

Throughout life, every person maintains a unique but highly diverse set of different T cells with receptors that recognize different pathogens.

Kole Roybal is the 2018 grand prize winner of the inaugural Sartorius & Science Prize for Regenerative Medicine & Cell Therapy, for developing a new class of T cell immunotherapies that can be fine - tuned to better help the immune system recognize cancer and initiate precise therapeutic action against the diseCell Therapy, for developing a new class of T cell immunotherapies that can be fine - tuned to better help the immune system recognize cancer and initiate precise therapeutic action against the disecell immunotherapies that can be fine - tuned to better help the immune system recognize cancer and initiate precise therapeutic action against the disease.

For most available T cell immunotherapies, T cells (which play a central role in defending the body against illness) are engineered to recognize and eliminate tumors, but their activity is not specifically controlled, leading to toxicity and unwanted side effects in patients as a result of inflammation or in some cases suboptimal response to treatment.

«T cells are specific; they recognize and attack tumor - specific antigens down to the peptide level.

Results from a clinical trial investigating a new T cell receptor (TCR) therapy that uses a person's own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells demonstrated a clinical response in 80 percent of multiple myeloma patients with advanced disease after undergoing autologous stem cell transplants (ASCT).

Specific T cells then recognize these antigen - loaded MHC molecules and induce immune responses.

In principle, we hope to engineer T cells or other cell types to reside in the body long - term and produce therapeutics if they recognize disease or recurrence of disease.

The researchers found that NASH - associated mutations provoke the immune system, including cytotoxic T cells, to recognize and attack the newly emerging cancer cells.

Of course, it makes sense that viruses would choose to turn off genes that the immune system needs to fight the virus, «like interferon - b, which is a highly anti-viral gene expressed in virtually all cell types; or genes that T cells need to recognize virus - infected cells,» Kuss - Duerkop says.