Sentences with phrase «t effector cells»

She demonstrated, for the first time, that the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice correlated with an enhanced pathogenicity of T effector cells and a decreased suppressive activity of Tregs.

To date, researchers have focused on developing anti-CMV immunotherapy around the «fighter» cells — called CD8 T effector cells — that attack and kill virally - infected host cells.

Not exact matches

These are receptors on immune cells, which control for example effector T - cells by dampening their activation if damage to healthy cells is imminent.

These results suggest GSK2636771 treatment can «synergize» with OX40 agonist antibodies to augment effector functions of tumor - reactive T cells.»

In reaction to infection or inflammation, immune system cells known as effector T cells (Teffs) undergo rapid changes - arming themselves and diversifying into groups that target specific diseased cells.

These are led by activated T helper 2 (TH2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), together known as effector cells.

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

For instance, in autoimmune disease, effector T cells are overly activated and cause damage to body.

The spleen showed increased expansion of antigen - experienced effector and memory CD4 + T - cells.

We suspect that this «junk» HIV can act as a decoy and draw attention away from the «real» virus hiding in the effector memory T - cells,» she said.

The orbital remodeling in TED is likely induced by infiltrating T lymphocytes and mast cells, which activate orbital fibroblast effector cells to either proliferate and form scar - producing cells called myofibroblasts or turn into pro-inflammatory fat cells.

«Previously it was thought that HIV was hiding primarily in central memory T - cells, but our new HIV genetic sequencing test has revealed that the majority of replication - competent virus is actually hiding in effector memory T - cells.

Effector memory T - cells are the cells in the body that «remember» previous infections and how to defeat them.

However, it is this small proportion of virus that hides in the effector memory T - cells and stops the immune system from fully destroying the virus and eliminating it from the body.

Single - cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4 - CTLs, compared with CD4 + T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets.

«We had previously discovered that in a low interleukin - 2 environment, the TFH gene program turns on, apparently pushing effector cells to become T follicular helper cells,» Oestreich said.

«Preventing graft - versus - host disease and relapse after transplant requires a difficult balance of eliminating the bad, overactive effector T cells, without suppressing the good, regulatory T cells,» said Kean, who is also an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine and a member of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

In their models, abatacept reduced the proliferation and activation of effector T cells.

In many cases the damage is caused by a particular group of immune cells called effector memory T - cells.

Effector T cells incite GvHD when they become overactive as the patient's immune system starts to rebuild itself from the donor stem cells.

The «kick - and - kill» paradigm is aimed at combining latency reversing agents (LRA) with immune effectors, such as T - cells, to wake up the virus and kill the reactivated cells.

A recent paper in the experimental biology publication The FASEB Journal describes how peptides found in hookworms inhibit the proliferation of effector memory T cells, which, unlike regulatory T cells, can actually trigger inflammation.

This «friendly fire» goes unchecked due to the failing of another type of immune cell: called the T - reg, which controls T - effector cells, shutting them down when they are not needed.

«What these new findings on exhausted T cells tells us is that the unique epigenetic profile of exhausted T cells causes these cells to express a different overall set of genes compared to memory or effector T cells,» Wherry said.

The team found that exhausted T cells acquired an epigenetic profile distinct from effector or memory T cells.

His group showed that a small number of stem - cell like CD8 T cells - called «memory» cells - were enough to produce and repeatedly replenish all of the T - effector cells needed to fight the disease.

This study shows how exhausted T cells do not maintain a durable switch to an effector T cell profile, although in the clinic, checkpoint inhibitors are well tolerated and their side effects such as autoimmunity are usually manageable.

These findings suggested that exhausted T cells are a distinct lineage of T cells in and of themselves instead of just being effector or memory T cells restrained by checkpoint pathways.

The phenotype of NP cells generated ex vivo (Figure S8) closely resembles that of central memory CD4 + T cells found in vivo, which persist for years in secondary lymphoid organs and can differentiate into effector memory CD4 + T cells [45].

The development of GVHD was equivalent between the two groups (data not shown), suggesting that treatment with X4 - ZFNs did not affect CD4 + T cell effector functionality.

We will develop mathematical models to predict the pathways of differentiation from naive to memory and effector T - cell subsets based on the characterisation of surface marker expression, transcription factors and cytokines production at early and late time points after immunisation.

Elite controllers with low to absent effector CD8 + T cell responses maintain highly functional, broadly directed central memory responses.

The team additionally identified a new effector pathway for alloreactive T cells.

Pagès F, Berger A, Camus M, Sanchez - Cabo F, Costes A, Molidor R, Mlecnik B, Kirilovsky A, Nilsson M, Damotte D, Meatchi T, Bruneval P, Cugenc P - H, Trajanoski Z, Fridman W - H, Galon J. Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer.

Rejection by CD8 + T cells does not appear to involve either allospecific CTL or DTH effector mechanisms; however, CD8 + T cells are able to induce significant apoptosis of allogeneic corneal endothelial cells.

After encountering HO - 1 (+) MoDCs, effector T - cells exhibited a lower velocity and a reduced ability to migrate towards chemokine gradients resulting in impaired accumulation to the inflamed organ.

Research Interests: Tumor immunity, T lymphocyte effectors, immunotherapy, T - cell dysfunction in cancer, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and angiogenesis

Naïve T cells then expand and differentiate into effector T lymphocytes that acquire either cytotoxic activity or secrete high amounts of certain cytokines.

The HZI will develop a vaccination protocol for mucosal administration based on three novel strategies: (i) development and optimization of a vaccination protocol in which parenterally - primed T and B cells are subsequently pulled into the mucosa by the local delivery of the cognate antigen to the requested effector site, (ii) testing the co-administration of antigens with novel mucosal adjuvants using different mucosal immunisation routes and schedules, and (iii) testing various nanoparticles co-administered with different immunomodulators for their ability to generate both systemic and mucosal immune responses following transcutaneous / trans - follicular vaccination.

We suggest three novel strategies: (i) Develop and optimise a prime - pull protocol in which parenterally - primed T and B cells are subsequently pulled into the mucosa by the local delivery of the cognate antigen to the requested effector site.

They include reduced lymphocyte repertoire, increasing clonality and increasing autoreactivity.5, 7,8 Recent work has focused on intrinsic cell defects, which alter T cell activation threshold, induction of cellular senescence and differentiation into short - lived effector or long - lived memory cells.

Therefore, in both mice and non-human primates, HO - 1 inducers delivered locally inhibited effector T - cells in an antigen - specific manner, paving the way for repositioning these drugs for the treatment of immune - mediated diseases.

Whereas acute CD8 + T cell effector responses are enhanced in DGKζ - deficient mice postinfection with intracellular pathogens, persistent memory formation is impaired, most dramatically when both DGKζ and DGKα, the other isoform of DGK that metabolizes DAG downstream of the TCR in T cells, are deleted (35, 36).

Graphs show the frequency of IFN - γ effector CD8 + T cells.

We have shown that invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT), a subset of CD1d - restricted T cells displaying innate effector functions, rewire the prostate cancer microenvironment leading to cancer control.

Here we show that HO - 1 inducers inhibit antigen - specific effector T cells when injected intradermally together with the T cell cognate antigens in mice.

Apoptosis has been implicated as a T cell - dependent immune effector mechanism in various forms of organ graft rejection (29 — 31).

Cbl - b regulates antigen - induced TCR down - regulation and IFN - gamma production by effector CD8 T cells without affecting functional avidity.

Although similar numbers of total splenic gp33 - LCMV — specific T cells were observed between genotypes (Fig. 5B), the distribution of gp33 - LCMV — specific CD8 + T cell effector and memory subsets were altered, such that there was a significantly lower percentage of short - term effector T cells and reciprocal changes in memory precursor cells among gp33 - specifc CD8 + T cells in WT relative to DKO mice (Fig. 5C), with a trend in changes in absolute cell numbers, consistent with temporal data from peripheral blood (Fig. 5A).

Constitutive cytokine mRNAs mark natural killer (NK) and NK T cells poised for rapid effector function.