Tests of linear trend across categories of coffee consumption were performed by assigning participants the midpoint of their coffee - consumption category and entering this new variable into a separate Cox proportional - hazards regression model.
Tests of linear trend across increasing quintiles of intake were conducted by assigning the medians of intakes in quintiles treated as a continuous variable.
Not exact matches
To assess whether the decline was greater at older ages with the
test for
linear trend, we reran the analysis using the categories
of age as a continuous variable.
Tests for
trend with the use
of simple
linear regression analysis were performed by modeling the median values
of each fiber category as a continuous variable.
The relationship between an athlete personal best in competition and back squat, bench press and power clean 1RM was determined via general
linear model polynomial contrast analysis and regression for a group
of 53 collegiate elite level throwers (24 males and 29 females); data analysis showed significant
linear and quadratic
trends for distance and 1RM power clean for both male (
linear: p ≤ 0.001, quadratic: p ≤ 0.003) and female (
linear: p ≤ 0.001, quadratic: p = 0.001) suggesting how the use
of Olympic - style weightlifting movements — the clean, in this particular case, but more in general explosive, fast, athletic - like movements — can be a much better alternative for sport - specific
testing for shot putters (Judge, et al, 2013).
A
test for
linear trend of effects across coffee consumption categories was performed by regressing each log RR on the ordered categorical variable for coffee in 5 levels using a random - effect meta - regression model.
Canadian Ice Service, 4.7, Multiple Methods As with CIS contributions in June 2009, 2010, and 2011, the 2012 forecast was derived using a combination
of three methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end -
of - winter arctic ice thicknesses and extents, as well as an examination
of Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and vector wind anomaly patterns and
trends; 2) an experimental Optimal Filtering Based (OFB) Model, which uses an optimal
linear data filter to extrapolate NSIDC's September Arctic Ice Extent time series into the future; and 3) an experimental Multiple
Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that
tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.
Canadian Ice Service, 4.7 (+ / - 0.2), Heuristic / Statistical (same as June) The 2015 forecast was derived by considering a combination
of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end -
of - winter Arctic ice thickness extents, as well as winter Surface Air Temperature, Sea Level Pressure and vector wind anomaly patterns and
trends; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal
linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent timeseries into the future and 3) a Multiple
Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that
tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.
But the task at hand was to
test Dan H.'s claim that the Berkeley data reinforce the characterization
of temperature change as «long - term
linear trend» or «
linear - plus - cyclic.»
Canadian Ice Service; 5.0; Statistical As with Canadian Ice Service (CIS) contributions in June 2009 and June 2010, the 2011 forecast was derived using a combination
of three methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end -
of - winter Arctic Multi-Year Ice (MYI) extents, as well as an examination
of Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and vector wind anomaly patterns and
trends; 2) an experimental Optimal Filtering Based (OFB) Model which uses an optimal
linear data filter to extrapolate NSIDC's September Arctic Ice Extent time series into the future; and 3) an experimental Multiple
Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that
tests ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice predictors.
More to the point
of William Briggs» article though, I can not see why a conclusion should be that one should not perform
linear trend tests on data.
Canadian Ice Service, 4.7 (± 0.2), Heuristic / Statistical (same as June) The 2015 forecast was derived by considering a combination
of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end -
of - winter Arctic ice thickness extents, as well as winter Surface Air Temperature, Sea Level Pressure and vector wind anomaly patterns and
trends; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal
linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent timeseries into the future and 3) a Multiple
Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that
tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.
Our calculations
of the statistical significance
of least - squares
linear trends in timeseries are based on the two - sided t -
test methodology and adjustment for autocorrelation reviewed and outlined by Santer et al. (2000).
In fact, we performed a simple but powerful statistical
test before drawing that conclusion: we calculated the
linear - regression
trends over successively longer periods to see whether the slope
of the
trend progressively increased (as it must if the curve is genuinely exponential); but, in recent years, the
trend has ceased to increase.
If I limited the
test to forecasting the
trend only and use the
linear trend from 1969 — 1988 (0.15 per decade) as the null hypothesis to compare with Hansen's
trend the skill
of Hansen is — 1.76 i.e. just sticking a line through the last 20 years is much more skillful.
Dhogaza and myself both explained why it's appropriate to use the period after 1975: That's when the GHG forcing is dominant and the expected
trend in temperature would be roughly
linear (and linearity was an assumption in the simplest form
of the ADF
tests, as I came to understand).
Trends in rates
of child diagnoses by mother's response level in children with a baseline diagnosis and in rates
of incidence or relapse in children without a baseline diagnoses were examined separately using the Cochran - Armitage
test for
trend.29 Low event rates precluded fitting regression models adjusting for potential confounders, such as age and sex
of child, using generalized
linear models with an identity - link function, to estimate parameters for adjusted
trends.