Sentences with phrase «tg yr»

For a conversion factor of 2.78 Tg (CH4) per ppb and an atmospheric concentration of 1,774 ppb, the atmospheric burden of CH4 in 2005 was 4,932 Tg, with an annual average increase (2000 — 2005) of about 0.6 Tg yr — 1.

Zhang et al. (1997) estimated that about 800 Tg yr — 1 of Asian dust emissions are injected into the atmosphere annually, about 30 % of which is re-deposited onto the deserts and 20 % is transported over regional scales, while the remaining approximately 50 % is subject to long - range transport to the Pacific Ocean and beyond.

In the USA, the emissions were reduced from about 12 to 8 TgS yr — 1 in the period 1980 to 2000 (EPA, 2003).

The most recent study (Stern, 2005) suggests a decrease in global anthropogenic emissions from approximately 73 to 54 TgS yr — 1 over the period 1980 to 2000, with NH emission falling from 64 to 43 TgS yr — 1 and SH emissions increasing from 9 to 11 TgS yr — 1.

Not exact matches

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) carbon assessment published in 2009 highlighted the disparity in methane emissions estimated by extrapolating data from wetlands, lakes, and coastal waters underlain by permafrost (32 to 112 Tg CH4 yr - 1) and estimates based on spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric methane concentrations (15 to 50 Tg CH4 yr - 1).

From the estimated net CO2 uptake rates of the Arctic Ocean (65 — 175 Tg C yr − 1; reviewed in ref.

Note, at the observed emission rate of 17 Tg / yr, and using the IPCC GWP of 34 for methane, we're already at 50 GtC over 90 years.

Wili # 47 — I don't think it can be assumed that there is suddenly 17 Tg / yr where before there was little or none.

Then the arctic contribution alone was increased to 8 Tg / yr and then 17 Tg / yr.

Emissions from these sources are estimated to be as large as 40 to 60 Tg (CH4) yr — 1.

A new source of 17 Tg / yr continuously adds approximately 60 ppbv to CH4 concentrations.

This net release of carbon consists of losses of 861.7 ± 80.2 Tg C yr — 1 and gains of 436.5 ± 31.0 Tg C yr — 1.

A study in Science says that tropical forests are now net sources of CO2: Here we use 12 years (2003 — 2014) of MODIS pantropical satellite data to quantify net annual changes in the aboveground carbon density of tropical woody live vegetation, providing direct, measurement - based evidence that the world's tropical forests are a net carbon source of 425.2 ± 92.0 Tg C yr — 1.

Doubled CO2 simulations using this model show an increase in annual average wetland methane emissions from 156 to 277 Tg / yr, a rise of 78 %.

Here we use 12 years (2003 — 2014) of MODIS pantropical satellite data to quantify net annual changes in the aboveground carbon density of tropical woody live vegetation, providing direct, measurement - based evidence that the world's tropical forests are a net carbon source of 425.2 ± 92.0 Tg C yr — 1.

Walter Anthony et al (2012) estimated that the current geologic seepage rates in the Arctic amount to approximately 2 Tg of methane per year (+ / - 0.4 Tg / yr).

Run at year 2030 (SSTs as in # 1), 4 year runs (+2 - month initialization), model's own distribution of given emission scaled uniformly: 2.1: +100 Tg / yr isoprene (scale existing source to add 100 Tg / yr).

2.4: +2 Tg N / yr lightning NOx (scale existing lightning source to add 2 Tg / yr N).

2.3 a: +8 ppb (mol / mol) or +50 Tg / yr methane (depending on if running with prescribed concentrations or emissions).

Total average annual emissions during the period considered here are approximately 582 Tg (CH4) yr — 1.

However, the AR4 estimate has been increased by 1 % (to 581 Tg (CH4) yr — 1) to take into account the recalibration of the CH4 scale explained in Chapter 2.

Consequently, in the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) the sink strength is treated as in the TAR (576 Tg (CH4) yr — 1).

Oxidation by chlorine (Cl) atoms in the marine atmospheric boundary layer is suggested as an additional sink for CH4, possibly constituting an additional loss of about 19 Tg (CH4) yr — 1 (Gupta et al., 1997; Tyler et al., 2000; Platt et al., 2004; Allan et al., 2005).

Total global pre-industrial emissions of CH4 are estimated to be 200 to 250 Tg (CH4) yr — 1 (Chappellaz et al., 1993; Etheridge et al., 1998; Houweling et al., 2000; Ferretti et al., 2005; Valdes et al., 2005).

It is also a modest source of methane (CH4): between 15 and 50 Tg (CH4) / yr are emitted mostly from seasonally unfrozen wetlands corresponding to about 10 % of the global wetland methane source.

Shakhova has 8 Tg / yr from the seabed.

Gorham (1991) estimated that such processes release about 35 Tg / yr from northern peatlands, and more southerly regions may actually be releasing more carbon from drained peatlends than is fixed in undrained sites.

Estimates of OC burial in all oceans of the world vary, but tend to be about 100 Tg / yr (table 1).