Sentences with phrase «transport of surface waters»

Transport of surface waters toward the western boundary of the ocean basins causes the ocean - surface slope to be steeper on the western side (versus eastern side) of a gyre (in either hemisphere).

This mass of warm water, nicknamed «the Blob,» was the result of a persistent atmospheric high - pressure ridge in the Northeastern Pacific that decreased cooling and transport of surface water.

Not exact matches

The major influences on ocean chemistry today are hydrothermal flow (hot water that has circulated through the crust) and surface weathering (the river transport of material eroded from land into the ocean).

Such micro-structured surfaces have helped design new surfaces that mimic surfaces found in nature, such as self - cleaning surfaces, reduced - drag surfaces, surfaces capable of transporting liquids in microfluidic systems, variants with anti-icing or heat transfer properties, and even surfaces that facilitate oil - water separation.

That lithium - rich brine is the legacy of local volcanic activity transporting the metal to the surface where it could then be leached by infiltrating waters.

«In that area, like on the eastern boundaries of other tropical oceans, nutrient - rich waters from deeper water layers are transported to the surface,» explains co-author Prof. Dr. Hermann Bange, also from GEOMAR.

Steve: So the understanding of the water transport mechanism within cells — I don't know if I should call it within — on the surface cells...

As Jake Lanphere, a UC Riverside graduate student who co-authored the paper, which was published in the journal Environmental Engineering Science («Stability and Transport of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Groundwater and Surface Water»), explained to Nanoclast in an email interview: «Other studies have looked at ideal lab conditions that do not necessarily reflect the conditions one might find in aquatic environments.

All of this is compounded by the fact that trees close their stomata (surface pores that control gas exchange) when facing drought to prevent water loss from transpiration, but this can collapse the hydraulic transport system.

However, «we do have to be somewhat careful in interpreting these results, because it is possible that the observed motions represent the motion of some propagating disturbance in the plasma rather than the plasma itself, in the same way that a water wave can move across the surface of the ocean without physically transporting the water,» Piner said.

Occasionally, upwelling events increase the productivity in these ocean deserts: Oceanic eddies transport deep - water containing high concentrations of nitrate, phosphate and silicate, towards the surface.

Related Awards # 1235881 Convective Thermal Transport at Superhydrophobic Surfaces # 1066426 Investigation of icephobic behavior of surfaces with tunable properties # 1331817 STTR Phase I: STTR Proposal on Atmospheric Water Capture using Advanced Nanomaterials # 1066356 Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction Using Surfaces Exhibiting Superhydrophobicity and Riblets # 1235867 Collaborative Research: A Micropatterned Wettability Approach for Superior Boiling Heat Transfer Performance # 0952564 CAREER: Fundamental Studies of Condensation Phenomena on Heterogeneous and Hierarchical Nanoengineered Surfaces # 1066426 Investigation of icephobic behavior of surfaces with tunable properties # 1331817 STTR Phase I: STTR Proposal on Atmospheric Water Capture using Advanced Nanomaterials # 1066356 Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction Using Surfaces Exhibiting Superhydrophobicity and Riblets # 1235867 Collaborative Research: A Micropatterned Wettability Approach for Superior Boiling Heat Transfer Performance # 0952564 CAREER: Fundamental Studies of Condensation Phenomena on Heterogeneous and Hierarchical Nanoengineered surfaces with tunable properties # 1331817 STTR Phase I: STTR Proposal on Atmospheric Water Capture using Advanced Nanomaterials # 1066356 Turbulent Flow Drag Reduction Using Surfaces Exhibiting Superhydrophobicity and Riblets # 1235867 Collaborative Research: A Micropatterned Wettability Approach for Superior Boiling Heat Transfer Performance # 0952564 CAREER: Fundamental Studies of Condensation Phenomena on Heterogeneous and Hierarchical Nanoengineered Surfaces Exhibiting Superhydrophobicity and Riblets # 1235867 Collaborative Research: A Micropatterned Wettability Approach for Superior Boiling Heat Transfer Performance # 0952564 CAREER: Fundamental Studies of Condensation Phenomena on Heterogeneous and Hierarchical Nanoengineered SurfacesSurfaces

He does so by, retreiving the fallen pinwheel from the Surface, transport water from Faron to the Fire Sanctuary, and carry a large basin of Hot Pumpkin Soup to Levias.

Recreating the core tenets of the early arcade game, Aqua Kitty tasked players with protecting a pack of subaquatic, diver - suit clad felines from a steady succession of foes who were hell - bent on transporting the cats to the water's surface.

Theory and modelling suggest that if the sinking of the salty surface waters in the North Atlantic slowed down or stopped, there would be a reduction in the heat transport by the ocean, which would have implications for the climate of northern Europe.

(In the global time average, diffusion of latent heat is in the same direction as sensible heat transport, but latent heat will tend to flow from higher to lower concentrations of water vapor (or equilibrium vapor pressure at the liquid / solid water surface), and regionally / locally, conditions can arise where the latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are oppositely directed.)

Ultimately if the freshwater melt was a dominant (which seems hard to believe given the scale of the wind - driven gyre transport) factor, it would be entrained into the gyres at the surface and you'd see an overall freshening of North Atlantic surface waters to make the whole system more like the Pacific, which has a much weaker meridional overturning circulation.

The surface waters of the tropical Atlantic are then transported, via the Gulf Stream, towards the high latitudes where they warm the atmosphere before plunging into the abysses in the convection zones situated in the seas of Norway, Greenland and Labrador.

Changes in the vertical mixing and transport between surface waters and deeper layers undoubtedly play a key role in the generation of this pattern.

Another potential effect of climate change is related to energy transport from surface waters to the seafloor [261], [262].

Surface water is transported to the subtropical gyres because of the winds drag on the sea sSurface water is transported to the subtropical gyres because of the winds drag on the sea surfacesurface.

The Gulf Stream is one of the longest surface currents, transporting 25 times more water than all the rivers in the world combined.

The wind stress on the surface of the sea causes the water level on a coast to rise if the net transport of water is towards land and to fall if it is away from land.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)- the transport of warm tropical surface water northward - is indeed propelled by dense water sinking in the North Atlantic and travelling equatorward in the deeper layers, but it also has a wind - driven component to it.

As water has the property of reaching maximum density above its freezing point, the heat is transported towards the surface, eventually to be radiated away to outer space.

As to the absorption of long - wave radiation from the earth's surface, while it may be true that carbon dioxide and water together do absorb certain frequency ranges of that radiation, I don't think that that matters a whole lot because most of the heat from the surface is transported to the top of the troposphere by conduction, convection and latent heat of vaporization of water during the day.

In the case of water surfaces, the transfer is by convection and may consequently be affected by the horizontal transport of heat within large bodies of water.

Our results suggest that the majority of the world's deep water is not transported back to the surface along the current systems of the standard great ocean conveyor (GOC).

AGW climate scientists seem to ignore that while the earth's surface may be warming, our atmosphere above 10,000 ft. above MSL is a refrigerator that can take water vapor scavenged from the vast oceans on earth (which are also a formidable heat sink), lift it to cold zones in the atmosphere by convective physical processes, chill it (removing vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) or freeze it, (removing even more vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) drop it on land and oceans as rain, sleet or snow, moisturizing and cooling the soil, cooling the oceans and building polar ice caps and even more importantly, increasing the albedo of the earth, with a critical negative feedback determining how much of the sun's energy is reflected back into space, changing the moment of inertia of the earth by removing water mass from equatorial latitudes and transporting this water vapor mass to the poles, reducing the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and speeding up its spin rate, etc..

But these large reservoirs of heat warm the air over them, that warm air and water vapor is then transported over land, which adds to surface temps.

«The Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation (PhATE) model has been developed by industry as a tool to estimate concentrates of pharmaceutical residues in surface waters.

There is also a planetary boundary layer module that evaluates the turbulent transport of heat and water vapor from the ground surface into the atmosphere.

This ocean - to - land moisture transport leaves an imprint on sea surface salinity, making this «nature's rain gauge» to measure the variations of the water cycle.

The extra boost from the warmer water is adding even more energy into this storm system, increasing the availability and transport of moisture toward land and producing more efficient wind gusts to the surface.

A set of 12 sectors was agreed on as a common reporting format for all air pollutants: air transportation; international shipping; other transportation (surface transport); electric power plants, energy conversion, extraction and distribution; solvents; waste (landfill, waste water, non-energy incineration); industry (combustion and process emissions); domestic (residential and commercial buildings); agricultural waste burning on fields; agriculture (agricultural soil emissions, other agriculture); savannah burning; and forest burning.

However — latent heat is a significant component of energy transport at the surface and varies with water availability on land.

As part of the planet's reciprocal relationship between ocean circulation and climate, this conveyor belt transports warm surface water to high latitudes where the water warms the air, then cools, sinks, and returns towards the equator as a deep flow.»

Currents and the formation of sinking dense waters transport the carbon between the surface and deeper layers of the ocean.

The significance of this observation is that it confirms that the inflow of Pacific summer water (PSW) in the late 1990s through wind forcing of near - surface transport was both unusually warm and unusually strong.

They combined simple energy balance considerations with a physical assumption for the way water vapour is transported, and separated the contributions of surface heating from solar radiation and from increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to obtain the two sensitivities.

Faults (contrary to very popular theory needs) are always lubricated to some degree by a combination of, pore space water under pressure, phyllosilicate clay slurry (lots of it), lubricant metals like molybdenum (some - usually emplaced in hydrothermal processes of transport and atom precipitation with changes in pressure) and especially by copious amounts of «massive» (i.e. solid) graphite, that's almost always is present in fault surface,

The amount of detrital petrological tracers transported by icebergs and deposited in the ice - rafted debris belt (an Atlantic region between 40 - 50 ° N) greatly increases during episodes of southward and eastward advection of cold surface waters and drift ice from the Nordic and Labrador seas (Bond et al., 2001; figure 48 A).

Driven by the long - term average winds in the subtropical highs, Ekman transport causes surface waters to move toward the central region of a subtropical gyre.

With an increase in crevasses comes a decrease in moulins, tunnels in the ice that transport surface water to the base of the sheet.

All that is needed is to add heat carried upwards past the denser atmosphere (and most CO2) by convection and the latent heat from water changing state (the majority of heat transport to the tropopause), the albedo effects of clouds, the inability of long wave «downwelling» (the blue balls) to warm water that makes up 2 / 3rds of the Earth's surface, and that due to huge differences in enthalpy dry air takes far less energy to warm than humid air so temperature is not a measure of atmospheric heat content.

The scientists estimated that the swarm consumed up to 74 percent of microscopic carbon - containing plants from the surface water per day, and their sinking fecal pellets transported up to 4,000 tons of carbon a day to deep water.

The reason this warms the surface is most easily understood by starting with a simplified model of a purely radiative greenhouse effect that ignores energy transfer in the atmosphere by convection (sensible heat transport) and by the evaporation and condensation of water vapor (latent heat transport).

«The differences between sea water temperature reported in the Log of Ship's Weather Observations and specially observed sea surface temperature were studied for 6826 pairs of observations taken in the Pacific Ocean from 3 Military Sea Transport Service ships and 9 U.S. Navy Radar Picket ships during 92 different trips.

Features of the model described here include the following: (1) tripolar grid to resolve the Arctic Ocean without polar filtering, (2) partial bottom step representation of topography to better represent topographically influenced advective and wave processes, (3) more accurate equation of state, (4) three - dimensional flux limited tracer advection to reduce overshoots and undershoots, (5) incorporation of regional climatological variability in shortwave penetration, (6) neutral physics parameterization for representation of the pathways of tracer transport, (7) staggered time stepping for tracer conservation and numerical efficiency, (8) anisotropic horizontal viscosities for representation of equatorial currents, (9) parameterization of exchange with marginal seas, (10) incorporation of a free surface that accommodates a dynamic ice model and wave propagation, (11) transport of water across the ocean free surface to eliminate unphysical «virtual tracer flux» methods, (12) parameterization of tidal mixing on continental shelves.